Midterm 2 - Lecture 2 Flashcards
How did Lewontin compare SNPs without sequencing?
Used native gel proteins with SNPs that can migrate depending on alleles
True or false: Homozygous alleles on native gel have 2 distinct bands
False
-Heterozygous alleles have 2 distinct bands
-Homozygous alleles have 2 bands in the same place
What kind of gel/protein would indicate a regionally associated SNP?
Gels that have unequal distribution in the top and bottom (do not have the same number of alleles on top and bottom)
What is a private allele?
Allele found only in one region
True or false: A large proportion of variation is due to differences between regions
False
-A SMALL proportion of variation is due to differences between regions –> 7%
What percent of alleles are private to one specific region?
7.5%
-although not everyone in that region will have them
What is population structure?
Genomic differences (7%) that cluster with geographic origin
Is population structure the same as race?
No
How has the term race changed?
Race was used as a categorization of humans based on shared physical/social qualities but is now referred to as physical traits
What is racial genetic essentialism? (its bad)
Belief that racial groups have different underlying genetic essences that cause them to be different physically, cognitively, or behaviorally
What are the incorrect assumptions of racial genetic essentialism
-uniformity within a group
-discreteness of groups
What is racial genetic essentialism used for?
-justify racial oppression
True or false: there is genetic basis for genetic essentialism
False
How did early genetics get it so wrong?
Based on Mendelian genetics
-most traits are not mendelian but are polygenic and multifactorial
What is genetic erosion and what causes it?
The loss of genotypes and haplotypes in a population
-when individuals cannot survive and reproduce
