midterm 2 ch 8 Flashcards
Arteries
blood away from heart
Veins
blood towards the heart
Capillaries
where most exchange takes place
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
between heart and the rest of the body
Coronary arteries
supply the heart muscles with blood.
Cardiac veins
return blood from heart muscles.
Specific Blood Vessels (Systemic circulation):
___________: with highest blood pressure, so they need thick middle and outer layers. Elastic recoil helps move the blood forward.
__________: are small arteries.
__________: where exchange takes place. Only single layer of endothelium with flattened cells, to facilitate exchange.
__________: are small veins
________: with low blood pressure, and store lots of blood. Generally with thinner walls, but with high lumen diameter for blood storage.
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Blood vessels: arteries
_____________: smooth epithelial cells, reduces friction of flow
___________: smooth muscle can contract and relax for vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Also elastin connective tissue, produces stretching and recoil, which helps move the blood forward. You feel this stretching as your pulse.
____________: Connective tissue (collagen) anchors vessels in place and protects them
____________ have the highest blood pressure, so they have thick middle and outer layers.
Endothelium
Middle layer
Outer layer
Arteries
Blood vessels: arterioles
Arterioles are basically ___________.
With smooth muscle and ___________ layers.
______________ of arterioles: constricts (vasoconstriction) or widens (vasodilation) to regulate blood flow to capillaries
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contract or relax to regulate blood flow to capillaries When does your blood circulation change?
small arteries
endothelium
Smooth muscle
Pre-capillary sphincters
?
Blood Vessels: capillaries
Capillaries are where almost all _________________ between blood vessels and living tissues takes place.
Only _______________: a single layer of squamous (flat) epithelial cells, which makes exchange easier
_________________ allow exchange of nutrients, gases, wastes, hormones, white blood cells between capillaries and tissues
exchange of materials
endothelium
Gaps and pores
Large things stay in capillary: RBC’s, platelets, large proteins like albumin
Supply all cells with material needed to survive, remove waste from all cells
Some blood plasma squeezed out of ____________ by blood pressure
capillaries
Proteins (like __________) / _____ blood cells stay in capillary
albumin, red
Fluid reuptake by __________ pressure (water movement from high => low concentration)
osmotic
Protein deficiency / starvation: less albumin proteins present => less fluid reuptake => water remains in tissues which results in swelling (_________)
edema
Not all fluid is taken back up by osmotic pressure. The excess fluid: returned to veins near the heart by the _________ system (one of its functions)
lymphatic