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Geo1111 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Lecture 1

A

Slides 1-78

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2
Q

Deep time

A

the immense span of geological time +38-39

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3
Q

Human history in relation to deep geological time

A

Minuscule period

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4
Q

C

A

Some rocks may be involved with relative age dating in the numerical time

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5
Q

What is unconformity in relative/numerical time tell us?

A

missing rock in layer due to erosion or nondeposition resulting in a time gap

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6
Q

Physical principles:

A 
Uniformitarianism
Superposition
Horizontality
Lateral Continuity
Cross-cutting relations
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7
Q

Principle of uniformitarianism states:

A

that the processes observed today were the same in the past

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8
Q

The Law of Superposition states:

A

that younger strata lie on top of older strata

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9
Q

The principle of horizontality states:

A

that all rock layers were originally horizontal

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10
Q

The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships states:

A

that intrusions and faults that cut across rock are necessarily younger than that rock

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11
Q

The principle of lateral continuity states:

A

that layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions; in other words, they are laterally continuous. As a result, rocks that are otherwise similar, but are now separated by a valley or other erosional feature, can be assumed to be originally continuous.

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12
Q

Types of unconformities:

A
  1. Angular unconformity
  2. Nonconformity
  3. Disconformity
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13
Q

James Hutton

A

The first to recognize significance of angular unconformities, which he observed in Siccar Point, Scotland where the vertical ordovician sandstone is overlain by devonian redbeds that are gently dipping, a resulting missing time of 50 million years.

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14
Q

Angular unconformity

A

Slide 16

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15
Q 
A time gap in the rock record is called?
A. Nondeposition
B. Nonconformity
C. Nonconformity
D. Uniformitarianism
A

Nonconformity

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16
Q

Nonconformity

A

18

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17
Q

Disconformity

A

19

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18
Q

Stratigraphic corelation

A

20,21

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19
Q

Geological column

A

22

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20
Q

Geolog time scale

A

23

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21
Q

Geological time in relation to life

A

Life’s evolution is positioned against the geologic column

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22
Q

Numerical age

A
  1. Radioactive decay
  2. Magnetostratigraphy
  3. Fission track dating
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23
Q

What does the radioactive decay and the chart of nuclides look like?

A

Half a rainbow

24
Q

Antoine-Henri Becquerel

A

27

25
Q

27

A

Antoine-Henri Becquerel

26
Q

The first to recognize significance of angular unconformities, which he observed in Siccar Point, Scotland where the vertical ordovician sandstone is overlain by devonian redbeds that are gently dipping, a resulting missing time of 50 million years.

A

James Hutton

27
Q

Lord Ernest Rutherford

A

Conducted experiments between 1898 and 1907 at McGill, which determined half-life and age, winning him the 1908 Nobel Prize.

28
Q

Conducted experiments between 1898 and 1907 at McGill, which determined half-life and age, winning him the 1908 Nobel Prize.

A

Lord Ernest Rutherford

29
Q 
Which of the following methods is NOT used to determine the numerical age of rocks?
A. Radioactive isotopes
B. Fossil record
C. Magnetostratigraphy
D. Fission track dating
A

Fossil record

30
Q

Radioactive dating determines the age of a mineral by

A

Measuring the ratio of parent-to-daughter isotopes, using parent half-life

31
Q

Table: Isotopes Used in the Isotopic Dating of Rocks

A

?

32
Q

Magnetostratigraphy

A

33

33
Q

Fission track dating

A

34

34
Q

Dating the geologic column

A

35

35
Q

The age of the earth

A

36-37

36
Q

The principles of fossil succession

A

13–14

37
Q

Relative age determination

A

10-12

38
Q

The hadean eon

A

41-43

39
Q

Biography of earth timeline:

A
  1. Hadean eon
  2. Archean eon
  3. Proterozoic eon
  4. Phanerozoic eon
40
Q

The archean eon

A

44-46

41
Q

The Proterozoic eon

A

47-53

42
Q

Shield terrain

A

48

43
Q

Cratonic case

A

49

44
Q

The great oxidation event

A

50

45
Q

Edicacaran life

A

51

46
Q

Pannotia

A

52

47
Q

Snowball eart

A

53

48
Q

The phanerozoic eon

A

54

49
Q

Phaneros=

A

54

50
Q

Zoic=

A

54

51
Q

The Cambrian Explosion

A

57

52
Q

Cambrian and ordovician life

A

56-58

53
Q

Periods during cenozoic era

A

55

54
Q

Periods during mesozoic era

A

55

55
Q

Periods during paleozoic era

A

55

56
Q

Timeline of eras

A

55

Geo1111 (8 decks)

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