midterm 2 Flashcards
During the drive from from Edmonton to Calgary, we must steer _________ slightly to oppose the __________ effect.
left , coreolis
Changing a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid stage is called _________.
sublimination
Winds cross perpendicular to isobar lines due to which force?
the pressure gradient
When water vapour condenses it _________.
releases latent heat
Deep-ocean waters distribute heat and salt around the world by _________.
thermohaline flow
Seasonal weather change is not as great in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Northern Hemisphere because __________.
oceans
The _________are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere.
polar jet and subtropical jet
A __________ is the sloping surface between air masses of different temperature and humidity.
front
Which of these is not part of the basic sequence within a lightning strike?
Identical-polarity charges on the ground form beneath the storm
Winds in a hurricane are strongest _________.
eye wall
Hurricanes rotate in a _________ around a central core in the Northern Hemisphere.
counterclockwise (clockwise in southern)
A Saffir-Simpson Scale 5 hurricane has _________ wind speeds relative to a hurricane rated 1 on the same scale.
the lowest pressure and highest
Tornadoes occur along the collision zone between _________.
a cold front and a high-energy warm air mass
Within the eye of a well-developed hurricane _________.
air sinks and warms
_________ cause the __________ associated with a lightning strike.
Shock waves due to the explosive expansion of gasses; thunder
Important requirements for hail to form are _________.
large thunderstorms with buoyant hot air rising from heated ground ; upper-level cold air creating maximum temperature contrasts ; strong updrafts to keep hailstones suspended while adding coatings of ice onto ever-growing cores
__________ is a late season hurricane that formed in the Eastern Pacific a few days after __________ caused __________ in Acapulco, Mexico.
Pilar; Otis; widespread flooding
The Enhanced Fujita Scale ranks _________.
tornadoes based on estimated maximum wind speed
Methane hydrate melting might result in significant global warming.
true
Reef building stores the present day 18O/16O ratio of seawater within the CaCO3 shell walls built by reel-loving bugs. Over time, therefore, reefs capture the history of ocean temperature.
true
The beautiful tone and sustain of a violin made in the late 1600s by Stradavari might correspond to denser wood grown during the 70-year _________.
Maunder Minimum
Wind-speed on the western side of a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere is __________.
The highest wind speeds of any weather phenomenon occur in
tornadoes
The Little Ice Age that affected Europe from about ___________ lowered average annual
temperature by only about 1C but was enough to reduce crop yields, cause mountain
glaciers to advance, and produce winters much more severe than in the twentieth century.
1400 - 1900
A widespread, powerful wind storm with straight-line winds is referred to as a
________________.
Derecho
What isn’t a requirement for a hurricane to develop?
tornado serving as triggering mechanism, spreading out and slowing as storm
grows
A hurricane acts as a heat engine, transferring heat from ________________________.
the warm, moist air above tropical seas into the core of the hurricane
When short-wavelength radiation from the Sun passes through a planet’s atmosphere
but long-wavelength reradiation is trapped, the resulting conditions produce
the greenhouse effect
Which greenhouse gas accounts for 60% of global warming?
CO2
When approaching the Western Hemisphere, hurricanes commonly move north on
clockwise-curving paths due to the _________________.
Coriolis effect
The level of oxygen in the form of O2 in the Earth’s atmosphere ________________.
has not changed substantially in the past 450 million years
A typhoon is more like a tornado than a hurricane.
false
The Little Ice Age affecting Europe between 1,400 and 1,900 CE __________ the average annual temperature globally by about __________ and corresponds to crop failure, famine, and war in quantities significantly larger than during previous and subsequent eras.
lowered, 1 degree C
_________ causes the longest period Milankovitch cycle.
Eccentricity
