final part 2 Flashcards
Tsunami amplitude of less than _ occur in the open ocean
1m
According to our viewing of the NOAA hurricane tracker, the atlantic season is winding down
true
Earth’s equatorial regions receive about
2.4 times as much solar energy as its polar regions
The disastrous earthquake and aftershocks in _ were knocked out of the news cycle due to the current middle east war.
Afghanistan
The fraction of solar energy reflected back to space due to Earth’s cloudiness or snow and ice cover is known as _
albedo
detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian islands received a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area
slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse
Volcanic eruptions can cause tsunami
true
A portion of short-wavelength solar radiation absorbed at Earth’s surface gets re-radicated at lower frequency and absorbed in the atmosphere. This process is known as __
the greenhouse effect
In 2004 ___ ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in 13 countries
Indian
The largest tsunami have wavelength approaching ___
1000km
During the drive from Edmonton to Calgary, we must steer _________ slightly to oppose the __________ effect.
left, Coriolis
Changing a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid stage is called _________.
sublimation
Winds cross perpendicular to isobar lines due to which force?
the pressure gradient
When water vapour condenses it _________.
releases latent heat
Deep-ocean waters distribute heat and salt around the world by _________.
thermohaline flow
Seasonal weather change is not as great in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Northern Hemisphere because __________.
the Southern Hemisphere lacks a polar jet
hurricane _________ escaped our notice last week. This storm transitioned from a tropical storm to a hurricane __________ ever recorded.
otis, in the shortest time
The _________are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere.
polar jet and subtropical jet
A __________ is the sloping surface between air masses of different temperature and humidity.
front
Which of these is not part of the basic sequence within a lightning strike?
Identical-polarity charges on the ground form beneath the storm
Winds in a hurricane are strongest _________.
in the eye wall
Hurricanes rotate in a _________ around a central core in the Northern Hemisphere.
counterclockwise
A Saffir-Simpson Scale 5 hurricane has _________ wind speeds relative to a hurricane rated 1 on the same scale.
the lowest pressure and highest
Within the eye of a well-developed hurricane _________.
air sinks and warms
_________ cause the __________ associated with a lightning strike.
Combustion of flammable gases; thunder
requirements for hail to form are:
upper-level cold air creating maximum temperature contrasts
, large thunderstorms with buoyant hot air rising from heated ground, strong updrafts to keep hailstones suspended while adding coatings of ice onto ever-growing cores
__________ is a late season hurricane that formed in the Eastern Pacific a few days after __________ caused __________ in Acapulco, Mexico.
Pilar; Otis; widespread flooding
The Enhanced Fujita Scale ranks _________.
tornadoes based on estimated maximum wind speed
Methane hydrate melting might result in significant global warming.
true
Reef building stores the present day 18O/16O ratio of seawater within the CaCO3 shell walls built by reel-loving bugs. Over time, therefore, reefs capture the history of ocean temperature.
true
The beautiful tone and sustain of a violin made in the late 1600s by Stradavari might correspond to denser wood grown during the 70-year _________.
Maunder Minimum
Wind-speed on the western side of a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere is __________.
speed of the storm body minus the wind speed
Hurricane storm surge in the Northern hemisphere is greatest on which part of the tropical cyclone?
right-side front
Plinian eruptions can cool the climate slightly for a few years because _________.
highly reflective sulphuric acid and fine ash persist just below the tropopause
Hurricanes begin with an Arctic disturbance - a low-pressure system drawing in a poorly organized cluster of thunderstorms.
false
A typhoon is more like a tornado than a hurricane.
false
The Little Ice Age affecting Europe between 1,400 and 1,900 CE __________ the average annual temperature globally by about __________ and corresponds to crop failure, famine, and war in quantities significantly larger than during previous and subsequent eras.
lowered; 1C
_________ causes the longest period Milankovitch cycle.
Eccentricity
Which of these is the worst (and, thankfully, least abundant) greenhouse gas?
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
Regions of coastline lying to the left of the landfall of a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere you experience __________.
wind speed minus the storm motion
The Atlantic hurricane season is usually over by today’s date.
true (usually june 1 - nov 30)
Which of these is not part of the basic sequence within a lightning strike?
Clouds rub together and create static electricity like your socks on a carpet in winter time
Where do we find most (80%) of the Earth’s carbon dioxide?
limestone
Rotating winds pull air molecules into a tighter and tighter spiral increasing wind speeds due to the conservation of _________.
angular momentum
The _________are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere.
polar jet and subtropical jet
Condensing 1 kg of water releases an amount of energy equal to the energy required to evaporate 1 kg of water.
true
The 2004 _________ Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in 13 countries.
indian
The largest historic tsunami wave run-up ever recorded was caused by a massive rockfall into the water at_________.
Lituya Bay, Alaska
Hurricane _________ escaped our notice this semester - it transitioned from a tropical storm to a hurricane __________ ever recorded.
Otis; in the shortest time
The most localized, powerful windstorm with cyclonic winds is a _________.
Tornado
Reef building stores the present day 18O/16O ratio of seawater within the CaCO3 shell walls built by reef-loving bugs. Over time, therefore, reefs capture the history of ocean temperature.
True
Changing a gas to a liquid is called _________.
Condensation
High humidity during a heat wave is particularly bad because _________.
the evaporation of sweat is slowed
The average surface temperature on Earth before life was present was much colder than it is now.
false
Wind-blown waves have _________ relative to tsunami.
short periods and short wavelengths
The highest wind speeds of any weather phenomenon occur in _________.
cyclone
Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most efficient at trapping heat (i.e., has the highest global warming potential—GWP)?
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)
Seasonal fluctuations in temperature and precipitation are less extreme in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere because __________.
more of the Southern Hemisphere is covered by ocean
As a hurricane forms, converging surface winds meet at the central core, which acts like a chimney sending _________.
warm, moist air flowing rapidly upward
Geologists discovered __________ on the seafloor suggestive of a tsunami risk to Hawaii.
slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse
During the 20th century, the average global surface temperature rose _________.
0.8 degrees C
A building destroyed by a tornado likely lost its roof first.
true
Coastlines during low tide suffer worse storm surge during hurricanes.
false
The portion of __________-wavelength solar radiation absorbed at Earth’s surface getting re-radiated at __________ frequency and absorbed in the atmosphere is thought to cause the greenhouse effect.
short; lower
Plinian eruptions can cool the climate slightly for a few years because _________.
highly reflective sulphuric acid and fine ash persist just below the tropopause
Tsunami amplitudes of less than _________ occur in the open ocean.
1 m
The atmosphere of Venus is about the same as Earth’s atmosphere.
false
Which of the following conditions is not thought indicate an unusually active hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean?
extra randomness in the MilanKovitch Cycles
What causes winds to blow across isobars rather than parallel to them?
the pressure gradient force
The beautiful tone and sustain of a violin made in the late 1600s by Stradavari might correspond to denser wood grown during the 70-year _________.
Maunder Minimum
During the last 7,000 years Earth experienced a _________.
2C lowering of global average temperature
_________ causes the shortest period Milankovitch cycle.
Precession
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of water is referred to as the _________heat.
specific
Winds speed slows at ground level due to which force?
surface friction
the coriolis effect
circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere
Winds in a hurricane are strongest _________.
in the eye wall
Ascending air at the equator and descending air around 30°N and S latitudes create semicircular air circulation routes known as _________.
Hadley cells
Which natural disaster does not generate a tsunami?
hurricane
Our options for limiting climate include reducing the CO2 content of the atmosphere and _________.
managing the solar radiation received by Earth
The theoretical velocity of a tsunami in a z m deep ocean is __________ where g is acceleration due to gravity.
(formula)
(1/2) * (pgz)
Requirements for a hurricane include the at least 200 km from the equator.
false
requirements for a huricane include
seawater with a temperature of at least 27°C in the upper 60 m of the ocean
seawater with a temperature of at least 27°C in the upper 60 m of the ocean
seawater with a temperature of at least 27°C in the upper 60 m of the ocean
The centre of polar jet flows __________ at approximately 400 kmph.
(direction)
east
The Icelandic-origin word for large and abrupt releases of water related to glaciation is __________.
jokulhlaup
Why does Winnipeg have a floodway?
fast snow-melt and flat topography flood the Red River frequently
When a flood crest passes downstream, stream level falls more rapidly than it rose.
false
Why is duff at the base of a tree a greater fire hazard than the tree itself?
the continuous duff layer in a forest spreads fire from one tree to the rest
Environment Canada measures all but __________ for flood mitigation.
oxygen isotope ratios
