Midterm

Question 1

Pruning

Answer 1

Eliminates unused neurons and strengthens existing connections

Question 2

Affordances

Answer 2

Opportunities to interact with environment, people, objects

Question 3

Myelination

Answer 3

Faster processing of information

Question 4

Lateralization

Answer 4

Side of brain having specific functions (left hemisphere controls right side of body)

Question 5

Temperament

Answer 5

Inborn differences between one person and another and emotions, activity and self regulations

Question 6

Attachment

Answer 6

Begins at birth and crystallized by 8-24mo

Question 7

Gross motor skills

Answer 7

Physical abilities involving large body movements
Before 12mo: sit unsupported
Around 12mo: walking
Around 18mo: walking backwards, running

Question 8

Fine motor skills

Answer 8

Physical abilities involving small body movements
Before 12mo: grasping rattle
Around 18mo: stacking 2 blocks, self feeding

Question 9

Self awareness

Answer 9

Self-recognition, first name pronouns, pretending, around 18mo

Question 10

Self-righting

Answer 10

The inborn drive to remedy, developmental deficits 

Question 11

Pragmatics

Answer 11

The practical use of language that indicated the ability to adjust the language communication according to audience and context 

Question 12

Object permanence

Answer 12

The realization that objects still exist, when they no longer can be seen, touched or heard
Around 18 to 24 months

Question 13

Selective attention

Answer 13

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli, while ignoring others

Question 14

Experience-expectant

Answer 14

Brain functions that require certain common experiences in order to develop normally 

Question 15

Experienced – dependent

Answer 15

Brain functions that depend on particular variable experiences in therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant 

Question 16

Separation anxiety

Answer 16

And infants distress when a familiar caregiver leaves most obvious between nine and 14 months

Question 17

Stranger wariness

Answer 17

An infants expression of concern – a quiet stairwell cleaning to a familiar person, or a look of fear – when a stranger appears 

Question 18

Synchrony

Answer 18

A coordinated, rapid and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant

Question 19

Theory of mind

Answer 19

A person’s theory of what other people might be thinking in order to have theory of mine. Children must realize that other people are not necessarily thinking the same thoughts as they are