Midterm

Question 1

Walter Raleigh

Answer 1

introduce tobacco and potatoes in Britain

Question 2

giles everhard (author of panacea)

Answer 2

• tobacco is a deadly poison
  -bserved the ways Indians used tobacco

Question 3

king James I

Answer 3

-believed tobacco was grown by barbarous Indians
-was against tobacco (sin agaisnt god)
-hateful to the eye, nose,brain,lungs, and has a stinky black fume
-brains are cold and humid so why smoke something dry

Question 4

British East India Company

Answer 4

• traded opuim to china for porcelain wares, silk, and tea
  -generated 15% of India’s revenue
  -licensing systems in Bengal 1797 and malware 1830

Question 5

commissioner lin zexu

Answer 5

-help participate in the first opium war
-destroyed 1200 tons of British opium without offering compensation
-sent to enforce a prohibition of opium

Question 6

treaty of nanking

Answer 6

opened opium trade in china, made china pay for lost product, and ceded Hong Kong to Britain

Question 7

sigmund freud

Answer 7

-wrote extensively on potential benefits of cocaine
-pleasant coolness in the mouth
-coca wards off sleep, fatigue, and steels on to intellectual efforts

Question 8

coca leaf vs cocaine

Answer 8

-alkaloid first extracted by Albert Riemann in 1859
-used as a treatment for neurathenia
-viewed as a modern drug for modern era
-karl Koller used self experiment as anesthetic for his eye
-addded to popula tonic drinks like Coca Cola

Question 9

opiium dens and cocaine fiends

Answer 9

-rise of cocaine among black residents in TN, NC, and New Orleans
-cocaine fiend became popular in the Jim Crow south, feeding into existing racist anxieties
-viewed as violent menace and seducer of white women
-prostituties stoked fears of white slavery
-newspapers would write crazy stories about opium dens

Question 10

what role did influential figures play in promoting or discouraging the use of coffee and tobacco? What arguments did they make either for or against the use of a given drug?

Answer 10

Influential figures played a big role in promoting or discouraging the use of coffee and tobacco. You had people lose King James, commissioner Lin zexu and Giles everhand arguing against the use of drugs and how its a deal poison doing no good for the human body.

Question 11

what distinction emerged in the 19th century between medical addicts and recreational users?

Answer 11

The distinction that emerged in the 19th century was that they were eager to give drugs in medical cases but not pleasure seeking cases. It was more accepted to get drugs from doctors. It came to an common ground that they could use it since they were stressed or going through things while others could not.

Question 12

How did intoxicants and stimulants become stigmatized in connection to a particular social group?

Answer 12

Intoxicants and stimulants became stigmatized in connection to a particular social group were due to the media. News outlets ran sensational stories about drugs. For example, opium dens were attached to Japanese people.

Question 13

what were the origins and outcomes of the opium wars? what are the central arguments and underlying motives behind the scholarly debate on “the opium question” in china?

Answer 13

The outcomes of the opium war was that china had to compensate for Britain losses and give hong kong to the British, and increase the areas that great Britain could trade in. The central arguments behind the the opium question in china was that Britain forced opium on china and was trying to increase imperialism (darks). On the other hand, dikotter made a case for how opium was used for medical reasons and that they been using this product for centuries.