international drug control Flashcards
society for the suppression of the opium trade
- British and India-based transnational org that aimed to end the opium trade
-held meetings, published a journal, and lobbied the House of Commons
-dismissed the commission’s fall report, which refuted alarmist claims about opium
-led to formation of the royal opium commission
world women christian temperance movement
-promote abstinence from alcohol
-religious organization whose primary purpose was to combat the influence of alcohol on families and society
rev. Charles Brent
-served as episcopal bishop of the Philippines )1902-1918)
-Brent toured East and Southeast Asia ad complied an opiate-control policy report
-lobbied for opium prohibition in the Philippines in 1905 (before any federal prohibition laws existed in the U.S
the Philippines is where opium became widespread
dr. Hamilton wright
American doctor and policymaker
-served as chair of Shanghai opium commission (1909)
-proposal for tax-stamp system of medical drug control and prohibition of recreational use (influenced by the Harrison narcotics act of 1914
Shanghai opium commission (1909)
-U.S led w/ Brent and wright; set agenda for future conferences
-represented the first steps toward drug prohibition
International conference at The Hague (1912)
-convened by the League of Nations
-added marijuana to the list of int’l drug control
-created the first international hard drug treaty
geneva opium conventions (1924-25)
- under the League of Nations; east., opium advisory committee, import/export certificate system, restrictions on coca & Marijuana
single convention on narcotic drugs (1961)
- under United Nations: int’l narcotics control board end to noted opiated, coca, and cannabis in 15-25 years; drug schedules
- controls the activity of specific narcotic drug
establishment of drug schedules
- substances that are highly addictive and liable to abuse (cannabis, opium, heroin, methadone, cocaine, coca leaf)
- substances that are less addictive and liable to abuse than those in schedule 1 (codeine, dextropropoxyphene)
- preparations containing low amounts of narcotic drugs, unlikely to be abused and exempted from most of the control measures placed upon the drugs they contain (<2.5% codeine, <0.1% cocaine)
- certain drugs also listens in schedule 1 with particularly dangerous properties and little or no therapeutic value (cannabis, heroin)
How did governments control drugs before the rise of prohibition?
they would auction the rights to import or sell drugs during a fixed period to people and they taxed the import being sold.
how did US imperialism and international diplomacy influence domestic and international drug control? How did US occupation of the Philippines figure in this process?
US imperialism and international diplomacy influenced domestic and international drug control by putting a hold/ stop to what other countries could trade.
What are transnational moral entrepreneurs, and what role did they play in promoting prohibition?
Transnational moral entrepreneurs are organizations that seek to maintain a norm. People who work to establish value-laden norms and moral standards. Moral entrepreneurs such as WCTU and anti- saloons league played a big role with putting a stop to alcohol consumption.
How do we explain the early 20th century about face from drugs like opium and cocaine being widely produced distributed by major western powers to those same drugs being prohibited?
people began to have second thoughts about those drugs that were widely produced. Elites became concerned with drug abuse and decided to put restrictions on certain drugs. They believed it had negative effects such as Direct harm to innocent others, concern over social cost, and drug use endangers the future of the nation.
