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DeFIB This EMT Academy Summer '22 - A Hybrid > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between Anterior and Posterior?

A 
Anterior = towards the front
Posterior = towards the back
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2
Q

What is the difference between Superior and Inferior?

A 
Superior = towards the head
Inferior = away from the head
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3
Q

What is the difference between Medial and Lateral?

A 
Medial = towards the midline
Lateral = away from the midline
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4
Q

What is the difference between Proximal and Distal?

A 
Proximal = closer to the trunk
Distal = away from the trunk
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5
Q

What is the difference between Dorsal and Ventral?

A 
Dorsal = spinal side
Ventral = belly side
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6
Q

What is another word for “diaphoresis”?

A

Sweaty Betty!

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7
Q

What is analgesia?

A

inability to feel pain

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8
Q

What does Cardio- mean?

A

Involving the HEART

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9
Q

What does Pneumo- mean?

A

LUNG

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10
Q

What does Pulmono- mean?

A

LUNGS

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11
Q

What does Nephro- mean?

A

KIDNEY

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12
Q

What does Hepato- mean?

A

LIVER

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13
Q

What does Chole- mean?

A

BILE

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14
Q

What is the route of transmission for Hepatitis A?

A

Fecal-Oral

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15
Q

What is the route of transmission for Hepatitis B?

A

Blood-to-blood
Unprotected sex
Childbirth
Needlesticks

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16
Q

What is the route of transmission for Hepatitis C?

A

Blood-to-blood

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17
Q

What is the route of transmission for HIV?

A

Blood and sex

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18
Q

What is the route of transmission for Tuberculosis?

A

Airborne

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19
Q

What is the route of transmission for Influenza?

A

Airborne

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20
Q

What causes Stridor?

A

Partially occluded upper airway

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21
Q

What causes Wheezing?

A

Obstruction or narrowing in the lower airway
Common in Asthma and COPD patients

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22
Q

What causes Rales?

A

Now called Crackles - indicates air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli
Found in CHF and Pulmonary Embolism patients

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23
Q

What causes Rhonchi?

A

Secretions or mucus in the larger airway.
Found in patients with pneumonia or bronchitis or if they have aspirate something

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24
Q

Where is your Epiglottis?

A

E

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25
Q

Where is your Trachea?

A

G

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26
Q

Where is your ascending and descending aorta?

A

Ascending - Between the Aortic Root and the Aortic Arch
Descending - past the Aortic Arch and down to the Abdomen

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27
Q

What is the longest, strongest bone in the body and where is it located?

A

Femur (thigh bone)

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28
Q

Describe the Parietal skull

A

Bone in the skull that lies between the temporal bone and the occipital bone
Headband bone!

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29
Q

What is the Vallecula?

A

The epiglottic valleculae are paired spaces between the root of the tongue and anterior surface of the epiglottis.

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30
Q

What are the common iliac arteries?

A

Short arteries transporting blood from the aorta towards the pelvic region and lower extremities

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31
Q

What is the Fontanelle?

A

At birth, the bones of the cranium are not fully formed or fused together. Instead, these bones are held together with relatively flexible fibrous tissue called Fontanelles. They allow the newborns skull to change shape slightly as it passes through the narrow birth canal.

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32
Q

What are the bronchi?

A

Each Bronchus enters its respective lung from the Carina and branches into smaller and smaller airways called Bronchioles

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33
Q

What are Alveoli?

A

The small grape-like structures containing capillaries at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange takes place.

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34
Q

What are the classifications of shock?

A
  • Cardiogenic
  • Obstructive
  • Septic
  • Neurogenic
  • Anaphylactic
  • Psychogenic
  • Hypovolemic
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35
Q

What are some potential causes of Cardiogenic Shock?

A
  • Inadequate heart function
  • Disease of the muscle tissue
  • Impaired electrical system
  • Disease or injury
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36
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock?

A
  • Chest pain
  • Irregular/weak pulse
  • Hypotension
  • Cyanosis
  • Cool, clammy skin
  • Anxiety
  • Crackles
  • Pulmonary edema
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37
Q

Treatment for Cardiogenic Shock?

A
  • Position comfortably (not Fowler’s- there’s fluid in lungs)
  • NO NITRO! (they’re hypotensive)
  • Hi-flow Oxygen
  • Blanket!
  • Assist ventilations
  • TSP C3
  • ALS
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38
Q

What are some potential causes for Obstructive Shock?

A
  • Mechanical obstruction of the cardiac muscle causing a decrease in cardiac output
    • Tension pneumothorax
    • Cardiac tamponade
    • Pulmonary embolism
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39
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Obstructive Shock?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Rapid, weak pulse
  • Rapid, shallow breaths
  • Decreasing lung compliance
  • Unilateral, decreasing or absent breaths
  • Decreasing BP
  • JVD
  • Subcutaneous emphysema
  • Cyanosis
  • Tracheal deviation towards unaffected side
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40
Q

Treatment for Obstructive Shock?

A
  • ALS/C3 TSP
  • Hi-Flow Oxygen
  • Blanket!
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41
Q

What are some potential causes of Septic Shock?

A

Just ONE:

Severe Infection

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42
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Septic Shock?

A
  • Warm skin or fever
  • Tachycardic
  • Decreasing BP
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43
Q

Treatment for Septic Shock?

A
  • TSP C3
  • Hi-flow Oxygen
  • Assist ventilations
  • Blanket!
  • ALS
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44
Q

What are the potential causes of Neurogenic Shock?

A
  • Damaged C-Spine causing widespread vessel dilation below injury allowing blood to pool
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45
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Neurogenic Shock?

A
  • Braycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Neck injury
46
Q

Treatment of Neurogenic Shock?

A
  • Secure airway
  • Maintain C-spine
  • Assist ventilations
  • Hi-flow Oxygen
  • Blanket!
  • TSP C3
  • ALS
47
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • Occurs within seconds-
  • Itching or rash
  • Burning skin
  • Vascular dilation
  • Generalized edema
  • Coma/Rapid death
48
Q

Treatment for Anaphylaxis?

A
  • Manage airway
  • Assist ventilations
  • Hi-Flow Oxygen
  • Determine cause!
  • Epi-pen
  • TSP C3
  • ALS
49
Q

Causes of Psychogenic Shock?

A
  • Temporary generalized vascular dilation
  • Anxiety, bad news, sight of injury or blood, prospective medical treatment
  • Severe pain
  • Illness
  • Tiredness
50
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Psychogenic Shock?

A
  • Rapid pulse
  • Normal-Low BP
51
Q

Treatment for Psychogenic Shock?

A
  • Determine duration of syncopal episode
  • Supine position
  • Vitals & AVPU
  • If slow to regain consciousness or confused- SUSPECT HEAD INJURY
  • TSP C3
52
Q

Cause of Hypovolemic Shock?

A
  • Loss of blood or fluids
53
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hypovolemic Shock?

A
  • Rapid, weak pulse
  • Low BP
  • Change in mental status
  • Cyanosis
  • Pale, Cool, Diaphoretic
  • Increasing respiratory rate
54
Q

Treatment for Hypovolemic Shock?

A
  • Secure airway
  • Assist ventilations
  • Hi-Flow Oxygen
  • Control bleeding
  • Blanket!
  • TSP C3
  • ALS
55
Q

Types of Distributive Shock

A
  • Septic Shock
  • Neurogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Psychogenic Shock
56
Q

Recite the flow of blood through the heart

A
  1. From Superior and Inferior Vena Cava → R Atrium
  2. From R Atrium through the Tricuspid Valve → R Ventricle
  3. From R Ventricle through the Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery
  4. From Pulmonary Artery → Lungs
  5. From Lungs → Pulmonary Veins
  6. From Pulmonary Veins → L Atrium
  7. From L Atrium through the Mitral Valve → L Ventricle
  8. From L Ventricle through the Aortic Valve → Aorta
  9. From Aorta → Rest of the Body!
57
Q

Recite the flow of electricity through heart

A
  1. Begins at the SA node → AV node via internodal pathways
  2. AV node → Bundle of His
  3. Bundle of His splits to R Bundle Branch and L Bundle Branch
  4. R Bundle branch → Purkinje Fibers
  5. L Bundle Branch → L Posterior Fascicle & L Anterior Fascicle
58
Q

What are Kussmaul Respirations?

A

Deep, rapid respirations commonly seen in patients with metabolic acidosis

59
Q

What are Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

A

A pattern of respirations that begin with increasing rate and depth, followed by a period of APNEA followed again by increasing rate and depth

60
Q

What are ataxic respirations?

A

Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

61
Q

Explain referred pain

A

Parietal peritoneum - from spinal cord; easily localizes pain

Visceral - from autonomic nervous system; less able to localize pain (stretch receptors)

The two nervous systems confuse each other and cause pain to be “referred” to other locations

62
Q

What is CQI?

A

Continuous Quality Improvement - a learning and improvement process

  1. What are we trying to accomplish?
  2. How will we know that the change is an improvement?
  3. What change could we make that will result in improvement?

Plan→Do→Study→Act-Plan→Do→Study→Act

63
Q

3 Indications to use an AED

A
  1. No pulse
  2. Abnormal, absent or agonal breaths
  3. Unconscious/Unresponsive
64
Q

Special considerations while using an AED

A
  1. Surface patient is on (metal or wet)
  2. Patient’s age
  3. Medical patches
  4. Pacemaker
  5. Hairy chest
65
Q

8 signs of Presumptive Death

A
  1. Unresponsive to painful stimuli
  2. No carotid pulse
  3. No chest rise and fall
  4. No deep tendon or corneal reflexes
  5. No pupillary reactivity
  6. No systolic BP
  7. Profound cyanosis
  8. Lowered/decreased body temperature
66
Q

Definitive Signs of Death

A
  1. Obvious mortal damage like decapitation
  2. Dependent lividity
  3. Rigor mortis
  4. Algor mortis
  5. Putrefaction
67
Q

Key components of an Infection Control Plan

A
  1. Determination of Exposure Risk
  2. Education and Training
  3. PPE
  4. Cleaning and Disinfection Practices
  5. Tuberculin Skin Testing/Fit Testing
  6. Hep B Vaccine Program
  7. Postexposure Management
  8. Compliance Monitoring
  9. Communication of Hazards to Employees & Training
  10. Record Keeping
68
Q

Signs/Symptoms of a stroke

A
  1. Facial drooping
  2. Hemiparesis
  3. Vision loss in one eye; double or blurred vision
  4. Diff swallowing
  5. Decreased level of responsiveness
  6. Aphasia
  7. Slurred speech
  8. Sudden/severe headache
  9. Confusion
  10. Dizziness
  11. Combativeness
  12. Restlessness
  13. Tongue deviation
69
Q

Indicated HEMORRHAGIC stroke rather than Ischemic

A

“The worst headache of my life!”

70
Q

Indicated ISCHEMIC Stroke rather than a Hemorrhagic

A

Hemiparesis

71
Q

Unconscious patients most often have an airway obstruction caused by _____

A

Tongue

72
Q

What is negligence?

A

Failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide

73
Q

What is abandonment?

A

Unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient’s consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with the skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient

74
Q

What steps can be taken to help reduce a pediatric patient’s anxiety?

A
75
Q

What does a radio scanner do?

A
76
Q

Age range for a Neonate

A

0-1 month

77
Q

Pulse rate for Neonate

A

100-180

78
Q

Respiratory Rate for Neonate

A

30-60

79
Q

Systolic for Neonate

A

50-70

80
Q

Age range for a Infant

A

1 month-1 year

81
Q

Pulse for Infant

A

100-160

82
Q

Respiratory rate for Infant

A

25-50

83
Q

Systolic for Infant

A

70-95

84
Q

Age range for Toddler

A

1-3 years

85
Q

Pulse for Toddler

A

90-150

86
Q

Respiratory Rate for Toddler

A

20-30

87
Q

Systolic for Toddler

A

80-100

88
Q

Age range for Preschooler

A

3-6 years

89
Q

Pulse for Preschoolers

A

80-140

90
Q

Respiratory Rate for Preschoolers

A

20-25

91
Q

Systolic for Preschoolers

A

80-100

92
Q

Age range for School children

A

6-12 years

93
Q

Pulse for School children

A

70-120

94
Q

Respiratory Rate for School Children

A

15-20

95
Q

Systolic for School Children

A

80-110

96
Q

Age range for Adolescence

A

12-18 years

97
Q

Pulse for Adolescents

A

60-100

98
Q

Respiratory Rate for Adolescents

A

12-20

99
Q

Systolic for Adolescents

A

90-110

100
Q

Age range for Early Adults

A

19-40 years

101
Q

Pulse for Early Adults

A

60-100

102
Q

Respiratory Rate for Early adult

A

12-20

103
Q

Systolic for Early Adult

A

90-130

104
Q

Age range for Middle Adult

A

41-60 years

105
Q

Pulse for Middle Adult

A

60-100

106
Q

Respiratory Rate for Middle Adult

A

12-20

107
Q

Systolic for Middle Adult

A

90-130

108
Q

Age range for Older Adult

A

61+ years

109
Q

Pulse for Older Adult

A

60-100

110
Q

Respiratory Rate for Older Adult

A

12-20

111
Q

Systolic for Older Adult

A

90-130

DeFIB This EMT Academy Summer '22 - A Hybrid (25 decks)

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