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Small Parts > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Is the smallest functional unit in the breast parenchyma

A

Acini

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2
Q

___ joint has the largest range of motion of 360 degrees

A

Shoudler

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3
Q

_____ is considered skeletal framework in the breast

A

Coopers ligaments

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4
Q

The most common congenital anomaly is

Complete absence of nipple

A

Polythelia

Athelia

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5
Q

The transverse abdomens muscle location is

A

Directly posterior to the internal and external oblique muscles

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6
Q

A retroareolar mass developing shortly after childbirth is most suspicious for

A

Galatocele

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7
Q

When the US beam is not perpendicular with a fibirular tendon the artifact most likely to occur is ____

A

Anistrophy

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8
Q

When imaging the breast parenchyma the thickness of the standoff pad should not exceed

A

1.0 cm

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9
Q

A begin breast neoplasm that may undergo malignant transformation is

A

Cystosarcoma phollides

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10
Q

Complete absence of one of both breast is

A

Amastia

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11
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the male breast parenchyma is most likely a clinical finding of ____

A

Gynecomastia

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12
Q

The normal alpha angle when evaluating for developmental displacement of the hip in a 1 month old infant is commonly describes as

A

60 degrees or greater and a beta angle less than 50 degrees

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13
Q

The echogencity of a fatty breast lobule is most commonly describes as

A

Smooth, moderately hypoechoic mass

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14
Q

Breast pathology most commonly originates in the

A

Terminal duct lobular units TDLU

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15
Q

The deep layer of the superficial fascia is located within the

A

Retromammary space

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16
Q

Echogenicity of glandular breast tissue when compared to a fatty breast lobule is best described as _________________

A

Moderately hyperechoic

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17
Q

The diameter of a normal lactiferous duct should not exceed

A

3.0mm

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18
Q

Painful breasts 1 week before the onset of menstruation is a common symptom of

A

Fibrocystic disease

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19
Q

A common malignancy of the breast demonstrating posterior acoustic shadowing describes

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

A defect in the muscles of the abdominal wall is most likely related to a

A

Hernia

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21
Q

The Thompson test is used to check the integrity of the

A

Achilles tendon

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22
Q

The most common beginning Breast lesion in women between the ages of 35-50 is a

A

Simple cyst

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23
Q

Estrogen levels most frequently influence as

A

Fibroadenoma

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24
Q

Muscles attach to bone by which ___

A

Tendons

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25
Q

____ provides support and shape to the breasts

A

Coopers ligaments

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26
Q

An febrile older patient is hospitalized with pneumonia presents with a palpable abdominal wall mass. A mass is indetified adjacent to the urinary bladder. This finding is most suspicious for

A

Rectus sheath hematoma

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27
Q

27) An older patient presents with a history of acute ankle swelling. A sonogram is ordered to r/o DVT. A nonvascular anechoic structure is identified in the pop. Fossa. Based on findings, anechoic structure is suspicious for

A

Synovial cyst aka bakers. cyst

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28
Q

A 45 y/o woman presents with a firm, nontender, palpable breast mass. Finding is consistent with _________________ -

A

Simple cyst

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29
Q

29) A patient presents to the u.s dept w/a palpable mass. The finding on sonogram is consistent with

A

Hernia

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30
Q

A 25y/o woman presents with a firm, nontender, palpable breast mass. An antiradial image of the right breast demonstrates a hypoechoic mass. On the basis of this clinical history, the sono. Finding is most suspicious for a

A

Fibroadenoma

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31
Q

patient is referred for an u.s to evaluate a mass identified on a recent mammogram. A radial image of the right breast demonstrates an abnormality suspicious for __________ -

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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32
Q

The hyper echoic linear structure identified by the arrow is consistent with

A

Coopers ligaments

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33
Q

33) A toddler with a recent upper respiratory infection presents with a history of limping. Asymmetric hip joints are identified on u.s on the basis of this clinical history , the sonographic findings is most suspicious for –

A

Septic hip

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34
Q

34) A patient complains of pain in the forearm following a hiking trip. A soft tissue image over the area of discomfort demonstrates a hyperechoic linear structure outline by calibers. This is most suspicious for

A

Foreign body

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35
Q

35) A patient presents with an aching over the right achilles tendon. A sag image of the tendon shows _________________.

A

Normal achilles tendon

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36
Q

the breast parenchyma is composed of

A

15 to 20 lobes

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37
Q

The thickness of the normal achilles tendon should not exceed

A

7 mm

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38
Q

38) a 35 y/o woman presents w/a history of a painful lump on her left wrist. Based on this history the sonogram is most suspicious for –

A

Ganglion cyst

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39
Q

The location of the rectus abdomens muscle is described as lateral to the

A

Linea alba

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40
Q

the fascial interface of the anterior abdominal wall id located directly anterior to the

A

peritoneum

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41
Q

The vasalva maneuver is a common technique used when evaluating the

A

the anterior abdominal wall or lower extremity venous system

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42
Q

A teenager arrives at the er dept following a skiing injury, a nonvascular hypoechoic mass is indetified in the posterior popliteal fossa. This most likely represents a

A

Hematoma

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43
Q

The sinus of a lactiferous duct is located near the

A

Areola

44
Q

44) A mass is identified in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast, near the axilla and chest wall. The mass should be annotated as

A

(10:00). (3)

45
Q

`45) A patient presents w/a history of sharp burning pain radiating to the third and fourth toes. Based on this clinical history, the calipers are most likely measuring

A

Morton neuroma

46
Q

Measurements of the achilles tendon should be made in the

A

transverse plane

47
Q

A complete tear of the achilles tendon is most likely located at the

A

Distal portion of the tendon 2-6 cm from the calcareous

48
Q

______ extends on the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Rectus abdominis

49
Q

In the breast the lymph vessel generally courses parallel with the

A

Venous system

50
Q

A lipoma located in the anterior abdominal wall most commonly appears on ultrasound as

A

Iso-hypoechoic

51
Q 
The breast is sonographically divided into three layers. Which one of the following is incorrect?
A) skin, nipple, subareolar
B) pectoralis major
C) subcutaneous region
D) parenchyma
A

Pectoralis major

52
Q 
The functional portion of the breast consists of \_\_\_\_\_ lobes.
A) 3 to 5
B) 5 to 10
C) 15 to 20
D) 25 to 30
A

15 to 20 lobes

53
Q 
Which one of the following form(s) a fibrous "skeleton" that is responsible for maintaining the shape of the breast?
A) acini
B) Cooper's ligaments
C) pectoralis major muscle
D) glandular layer of the breast
A

Coopers ligaments

54
Q 
As a woman ages, the glandular breast tissue is replaced with:
A) fat
B) cysts
C) fibrous tissue
D) Cooper's ligaments
A

Fat

55
Q

Coopers ligament are best characterized as which of the following?
A) low reflectivity in the retromammary layer
B) high reflective in the retromammary layer
C) echogenic line interface in subcutaneous layer
D) homogenous reflections in the parenchyma

A

Echogenic line interface in subcutaneous layer

56
Q 
The retromammary layer is sonographically imaged as which one of the following?
A) hyperechoic
B) dense
C) hypoechoic
D) high reflectivity
A

Hypoechoic

57
Q 
The most important signs to look for in determining a cystic lesion of the breast include all of the following except:
A) well-defined borders
B) good through transmission
C) anechoic
D) disruption of architecture
A

Disruption of architecture

58
Q 
Clinical findings of lumpy, painful, tender breasts that vary with monthly cycles represent which one of the following?
A) carcinoma
B) fibrocystic disease
C) cysts
D) adenomas
A

Fibrocystic disease

59
Q

The characteristic findings of a papilloma of the breast include all of the following except:
A) well-circumscribed solid mass with microcalcifications
B) sonolucent cystic lesions with a medium-level encapsulated component
C) single or multiple
D) no disruption of architecture

A

No disruption of architecture

60
Q 
The most common solid benign tumor of the breast is which one of the following?
A) fibrocystic disease
B) fibroadenoma
C) papilloma
D) lipoma
A

Fibroadenoma

61
Q

The most sonographic characteristics of fibroadenoma is which of the following

A

UNiform, low level

62
Q 
Lymphatic drainage from all parts of the breast generally flows to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ lymph nodes.
A) interpectoral
B) axillary
C) supraclavicular
D) internal mammary
A

Axillary

63
Q 
The most common malignant neoplasms of the breast is which one of the following?
A) lobular carcinoma in situ
B) invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)
C) invasive lobular carcinoma
D) ducts carcinoma in situ
A

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)

64
Q

Characteristic findings of breast carcinoma include all of the following except:
A) attenuation of sound
B) irregular margins
C) strong posterior margin
D) inhomogeneous low-level echo pattern with calcifications

A

Strong posterior margin

65
Q

Skin dimpling may be caused by which one of the following?
A) old age
B) refraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration
C) enlarged ducts
D) thrombosis of arterial vessels

A

refraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration

66
Q 
The most common clinical sign of breast carcinoma is which one the following?
A) skin dimpling
B) skin discoloration
C) palpable lump
D) pain
A

Palpable lump

67
Q

The primary purpose of breast screening examinations is to:
A) evaluate the retromammary region
B) provide a baseline study for fibrocystic disease
C) provide for early detection of breast carcinoma
D) evaluate dense breast parenchyma

A

Early detection of breast carcinoma

68
Q 
The midportion of the right medial and left lateral breast would be annotated as which one the following?
A) 3:00
B) 6:00
C) 9:00
D) 12:00
A

3:00

69
Q 
A normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) lobar neoplasm
B) tail of Spence
C) peau d'orange
D) terminal duct am lobular unit
A

Tail of spence

70
Q 
According to the American Cancer Society, all women should begin annual screening mammography and screening breast ultrasound at the age of \_\_\_\_\_\_ years.
A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
A

40 years

71
Q 
Which one of the following arteries is responsible for supply blood to more than one half of the breast?
A) intercostal
B) thoracodorsal
C) internal mammary
D) lateral thoracic
A

Internal mammary

72
Q 
A condition of the male breast in which the ducts elements hypertrophy is called \_\_\_\_\_.
A) mastitis
B) galactocele
C) gynecomastia
D) Paget's disease
A

Gynecomastia

73
Q

Signs of possible breast cancer include all of the following except:
A) irregular or speculate mammographic mass, solid on ultrasound
B) clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications on mammogram, with or without any abnormality on ultrasound
C) focal distortion on mammogram, and a correlating area of distortion breast ultrasound
D) a smooth low-density mass, solid lesion that has not changed in over 3 years on ultrasound

A

A smooth low – density mass, solid lesion that has not changed in over 3 years on ultrasound

74
Q

Ultrasound is often of benefit in guiding breast procedures for all of the following except:
A) cyst aspiration
B) fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
C) drainage procedure
D) large-core needle biopsy of microcalcifications

A

Large core needle biopsy microcalcifactions

75
Q

Which one of the following statements is false?
A) breast ultrasound is the imaging tool of choice to evaluate a breast mass in a teenage girl
B) ultrasound of the breast is the primary imaging tool of choice in evaluating a breast mass in a pregnant woman
C) breast ultrasound is the primary imaging tool of choice in screening a 45-year-old woman for any evidence of possible breast cancer
D) in the case of a benign fibroadenoma, the sonographic features of a smooth, sharply circumscribed hypoechoic mass with homogeneous echogenicity and a mild posterior acoustic enhancement will usually be seen

A

breast US is the primary imaging tool of choice in screening a 45 yr old women for any evidence of possible breast cancer

76
Q

ultrasound of the breast is often performed as an adjunctive imaging tool in all of the following situations except:
A) to assess a smooth mammographic mass as cystic or solid
B) to further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with very dense breast tissue and a negative mammogram
C) to further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with breast implants
D) to further evaluate an asymptomatic patient with large fatty replaced breasts and a negative mammogram

A

to further evaluate an aystompatic patient with large fatty replaced breast and a negative mammogram

77
Q 
In the case of a cancerous mammographic mass, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show which one of the following features?
A) irregular margin and taller than wide
B) anechoic
C) irregular margin and wider than tall
D) posterior acoustic enhancement
A

Irregular margin and taller than wide.

78
Q

In the case of a smooth mammographic that is cystic, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show which one of the following features?
A) irregular margin
B) anechoic and posterior acoustic enhancement
C) taller than wide
D) echogenic and posterior acoustic enhancement

A

Anechoic and posterior acoustic enhancement

79
Q

The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include all of the following except:
A) limited radiation exposure to the patient
B) differentiation of cystic versus solid smooth masses
C) more comfortable examination for the patient
D) better visualization of juxtathoracic

A

limited radiation exposure to the patient

t

80
Q

The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include which one of the following?
A) can better visualize those often-obscure signs of breast cancer such as microcalcifications
B) can better visualize microcystic adenosis with layering milk of calcium and sclerosing adenoids, as well as variants of benign fibrocystic conditions that contain small calcification as the principle mammographic finding that can be easily overlooked on routine mammographic images
C) can better discriminate Cooper’s ligaments within lumen of the small ducts of the terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs)
D) can better evaluate those hard-to-reach places, such as parasternal tissues and axilla, not well seen on mammography

A
  • can better evaluate those hard-to-reach places, such as parasternal tissues and axilla, not well seen on mammography
81
Q
  1. Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome typically have a positive ____________ sign.
    a. Phalen’s
    b. Homen
    c. Thompson
    d. Murphy
A

Phalens sign

82
Q

The tendon responsible for dorsal and plantar flexion of the foot is the _____________ tendon.

a. Biceps
b. Patellar
c. Achilles
d. semimembranosus

A

Achilles tendon

83
Q

Which one of the following types of tendinitis causes pain over the lateral wrist or thumb side of the wrist?

a. Tenosynovitis
b. de Quervain tendinitis
c. Synovial tendinitis
d. Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Dequervain Tendinitis

84
Q
  1. A complete tear of a muscle with a straightforward appearance of a retracted hyperechoic muscle surrounded by a hematoma is known as the _________________ sign.
    a. McBurney’s
    b. Clapper-in-the-bell
    c. gastrocnemius
    d. sandwich
A

Clapper in the bell sign

85
Q

Which one of the following structures is a bandlike flat tendon connecting muscle to bone?

a. Ligament
b. Aponeurosis
c. Synovial sheath
d. Pinnate

A

Aponeurosis

86
Q

Support and strength of a joint result, in part, from which one of the following structures?

a. Muscle
b. Bursa
c. Cartilage
d. Ligament

A

Ligament

87
Q 
When compared with muscle, a normal nerve is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.hyperechoic
b. Isoechoic
c. hypoechoic
d. unable to be visualized on ultrasound
A

A. Hyperechoic

88
Q 
Important artifacts in musculoskeletal ultrasound include all of the following except:
A.reverberation
B.refractile shadowing
C. mirror image
D. anisotrophy
A

Mirror image

89
Q

The Achilles tendon is at an increased risk for injury because of ________________.

a. its vulnerable location
b. no surrounding muscle
c. its limited blood supply
d. its large size

A

Limited blood supply

90
Q 
15. Indications for wrist sonography include all of the following except:
A.pain and swelling
b.Thompson sign
C.trauma
d.Tinel's sign
A

Thompson sign

91
Q

.Acute rotator cuff tear may be caused by all of the following except:

a. years of playing tennis.
b. biceps tendon rupture.
c. falls.
d. shoulder dislocation.

A

Years of playing tennis

92
Q

The proximal portion of the muscle is considered the ______________.

a. Insertion
b. Anastomosis
c. origin
d. bifurcation

A

Origin

93
Q

A hypoechoic halo around a tendon represents which one of the following?

a. Partial tear
b. Tendonitis
c. Normal synovial sheath
d. Abnormal synovial sheath

A

Normal synovial sheath

94
Q

Tendinitis is seen more often in the shoulder, wrist, and _____________.

a. Elbow
b. Knee
c. hip
d. Fingers

A

Elbow

95
Q

The easiest tendon to image in the adult shoulder is the __________________.

a. Supraspinatus
b. Biceps
c. infraspinatus
d. Subscapularis

A

Bicep

96
Q

The most common site of an Achilles tendon tear is __________________.

a. Proximal
b. Medial
c. lateral
d. distal

A

Distal

97
Q

The largest tendon of the body is the ___________________.

a. Biceps
b. Achilles
c. supraspinatus
d. trapezius

A

The achilles

98
Q
  1. Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome typically have a positive ____________ sign.
    a. Phalen’s
    b. Homen
    c. Thompson
    d. Murphy
A

Phalens sign

99
Q

Sonographic appearance of the normal muscle appears _________________.

a. Hyperechoic
b. Complex
c. homogeneous
d. Heterogeneous

A

Homogenous

100
Q
  1. The posterior glenoid labrum is a good landmark to help locate which one of the following structures?
    a. Biceps tendon
    b. Infraspinatus tendon
    c. Supraspinatus tendon
    d. Deltoid muscle
A

Infraspinatus

101
Q

The crass position is used to evaluate which one of the following structures?

a. Knee
b. Wrist
c. Ankle
d. Shoulder

A

Shoulder

102
Q

. A Baker’s cyst is an example of:
a. communicating bursa.

b. communicating tendon.
c. fatty pockets.
d. joint effusion.

A

A

103
Q

Which one of the following imaging artifacts bends the sound beam to an oblique path?
a. Reverberation

b. Anisotropy
c. Refractile shadowing
d. Time of flight

A

C

104
Q

Infringement of the median nerve in the wrist results in:

a. Arthritis.
b. Bursitis.
c. impingement syndrome.
d. carpal tunnel syndrome.

A

D

105
Q
  1. A bursa provides which one of the following functions?
    a. Fluid protection to areas that are subject to friction
    b. Support to muscles
    c. Support to tendons
    d. Nerve bundles to the ligaments
A

A

Small Parts (7 decks)

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