Final Review Flashcards
- Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?
a. sternocleidomastoid
b. longus colli
c. sternohyoid
d. omohyoid
B. longus colli
- What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
a. graves disease
b. hashimoto thyroiditis
c. papillary carcinoma
B. Hashimoto thyroiditis
The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:
- a. thyroxine
- b. calcitonin
- c. colloid
- d. triiodothyronine
C. colloid
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
a. graves disease
b. hashimoto thyroiditis
c. papillary carcinoma
d. parathyroid adenoma
A. Graves disease
All of the following are sonographic findings of an abnormal lymph node except:
a. rounded shape
b. echogenic hilum
c. calcifications
d. enlargement
B. echogenic hilum
Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer?
a. follicular
b. anaplastic
c. lymphoma
d. papillary
D. papillary
What structure is stimulated by secretion of thyroid hormones?
B. pituitary gland
Which disease is characterized by excessive sweating and overproduction of thyroid hormones , bulgine eyes , weight loss and hair loss
Hyperthyroidism
Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?
a. thyroxine
b. triiodothyronine
c. calcitonin
d. calcium
D. calcium
The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as:
a. thyroglossal duct
b. brachial cleft
c. yodeler’s lobe
d. pyramidal lobe
D. pyramidal lone
The vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull to form the
B. Basilar artery
What vein empties directly into the internal jugular vein?
C. super thyroid
all of the following are diagnostic findings of benign thyroid nodules except:
a. anechoic mass
b. eggshell calcifications
c. hyperechoic mass
d. cold nodule
D. cold nodule
all of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules except:
a. internal calcifications
b. echogenic mass
c. cervical node involvement
d. solitary mass
B. echogenic mass
Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?
a. hashimoto thyroiditis
b. graves disease
c. hyperparathyroidism
d. cervical lymphadenopathy
B. graves disease
All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid except:
a. thyroxine
b. iodine
c. triiodothyronine
d. calcitonin
B. iodine
A 30-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Hashimoto thyroiditis
b. Grave’s disease
c. hyperparathyroidism
d. cervical lymphadenopathy
B. Graves Disease
Is associated with hypercalcemia and can cause kidney failure
Hyperparathyroidsim
- Hypercalcemia is associated with which of the following?
a. grave’s disease
b. thyroglossal duct cyst
c. parathyroid adenoma
d. thyroid adenoma
C. Parathyroid adenoma
A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:
a. 8 mm
b. 5 mm
c. 12 mm
d. 10 mm
D. 10 mm
Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?
a. a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum
b. a rounded, echogenic structure with small calcifications
c. a solid, hypoechoic mass that measures greater than 1 cm
d. a solid, echogenic mass that measures less than 1 cm
A. A hypoechoic
A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:
a. brachial cleft cyst
b. follicular adenoma
c. thyroglossal duct cyst
d. parathyroid adenoma
A. brachial cleft cyst
Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
B. 4
Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone are referred o as:
a. brachial cleft cysts
b. follicular adenomas
c. thyroglossal duct cyst
d. parathyroid adenomas
C. thryoglossal duct cyst
What is the most common malignancy of the testicle?
a. embryonal cell carcinoma
b. seminoma
c. choriocarcinoma
d. spermatocele
B. Seminoma
What is the most common cancer found in men?
a. testicular cancer
b. lung cancer
c. liver cancer
d. prostate cancer
D. prostate cancer
The most common location of prostatic cancer is the:
a. peripheral zone
b. transitional zone
c. central zone
d. verumontanum
A. peripheral zone
The most common location of a varicocele is:
a. the right side of the scrotum
b. the left side of the scrotum
c. the inguinal canal
d. within the testis
B. the left side of the scrotum
The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the:
a. yolk sac tumor
b. embryonal cell carcinoma
c. seminoma
d. teratoma
C. seminoma
Cryptorchism is associated with an increased risk in developing: A. architis B. a varicocele C. . a spermatocele D. testicular torsion E. microcalcification
D. testicular torsion
You have been asked to perform a study to rule out crytorchidism. The term cryptorchidism denotes:
a. one or both of the testicles has a malignancy
b. the patient lacks the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall
c. one or both of the testicles has not descended into the scrotum
d. the patient has been kicked in the scrotum
C. one or both of testicles has not descended into the scrotum
Spermatogenesis occurs within the:
a. tunica albuginea
b. rete testis
c. mediastinum testis
d. seminiferous tubules
D. seminiferous tubules
All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion except:
a. hyperemic flow within the testis b. hypoechoic testis c. reactive hydrocele d. decreased intratesticular flow (as compared with the asymptomatic testis)
A. hyperemic flow within the testis
The endocrine function of the testicles is to produce:
a. testosterone
b. human chorionic gonadotropin
c. AFP
d. sperm
A. tester one
Which of the following techniques is useful at providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele?
a. valsalva maneuver
b. sitting position
c. pulsed Doppler
d. right lateral decubitus position
A. vasalla manuever
The lack of normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as:
a. klinefelter syndrome
b. blue dot sign
c. bell clapper deformity
d. cryptorchidism
B. bell clapper deformity
Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure:
a. >8 mm
b. >4 mm
c. <2 mm
d. >2 mm
D. >2mm
A 7-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. testicular torsion
b. hydrocele
c. torsion of the testicular appendage
d. yolk sac tumor
C. torsion of testicular appendage
The most common location of a hydrocele is:
a. superior to the testis
b. within the scrotal wall
c. between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
d. between the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea
D
- Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with:
a. testicular carcinoma
b. hydrocele
c. testicular trauma
d. testicular torsion
D. testicular torsion
- The exocrine function of the testicles is to produce:
a. testosterone
b. human chorionic gonadotropin
c. AFP
d. sperm
D. sperm
What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?
a. varicocele
b. chlamydia
c. hydrocele
d. testicular torsio
A. varicocele
The blue dot sign is indicative of:
a. testicular torsion
b. epididymitis
c. orchitis
d. torsion of the testicular appendage
D. torsion of testicular appendage
What scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves are within the pampiniform plexus?
a. testicular carcinoma
b. testicular microlithiasis
c. testicular torsion
d. varicocele
D. varicocele
A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the:
a. epididymal cyst
b. tunica albuginea cyst
c. spermatocele
d. seminoma
C. spermatocele
Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except:
a. left sided location
b. retroperitoneal mass
c. infertility
d. palpable extratesticular mass
B. retroperitoneal mass
How many zones are in the prostate
- Central
- Peripheral
- Transitional
Central
Peripheral
Transitional
Transitional zone surrounds
Prostatic urethera
Which region of the prostate gland comprises only 5% of the glandular tissue? A. central zone B. peripheral zone C. transitional zone D. verumontanum E. periurethral glands
C. transitional zone
Associated with increased malignancy
Cryptochordism
Clinical findings of BPH includes all of these except:
a. Nocturia
b. Elevated PSA
c. Hematospermia
d. Sense of urinary urgency
C. hematospermia
Which of the following most accurately describes the echogenicity and location of the seminal vesicles?
A. heterogeneous structures located anterior to the bladder
B. homogeneous structures located inferior to the prostate gland
C. hyperechoic structures located posterior to the bladder
D. hypoechoic structures located superior to the prostate gland
E. homogeneous structures located medial to the vas deferens
D
Which of the following veins receives the left testicular vein? A. left renal vein B. IVC C. left external iliac vein D. left suprarenal vein E. left internal iliac vein
A. left renal vein
Blood is supplied directly to the epididymis through which of the following arteries? A. capsular B. testicular C. cremasteric D. centripetal E. inferior vesical
C. CREMASTERIC
The location of the epididymis is most accurately described as: A. anterior to the testis B. posterior to the testis C. posterior and medial to the testis D. posterior and lateral to the testis E. anterior and medial to the testis
C. posterior and medial to the testis
Decreased urine output is most commonly linked with an abnormalitiy in which of the following structures? A. testis B. scrotum C. epidiymis D. prostate gland E. spermatic cord
D. prostate gland
The normal monoclonal level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) should not exceed: A. 2 ng/mL B. 4 ng/mL C. 6 ng/mL D. 8 ng/mL E. 10 ng/mL
A. 2 ng/mL
A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the:
a. epididymal cyst
b. tunica albuginea cyst
c. spermatocele
d. seminoma
C. spermatocele
A spermatocele usually lies:
A) in the head of the epididymis, superior to the testis
B) in the body of the epididymis, posterior to the testis
C) in the tail of the epididymis, inferior to the testis
D) in the body of the epididymis, lateral to the testis
A. in the head of the epididymis superior to the testis
Undescended testis look ____ as compared to normal testis
Hypoechoic
The most common location of prostate cancer is the:
a. peripheral zone
b. transitional zone
c. central zone
d. verumontanum
A. peripheral
A solitary hypoechoic thyroid nodule demonstrating irregular borders and microcalcifications is most suspicious for
D. Hemangioma
A parathyroid mass may be suspected when an abnormality is located
C. posterior to a thyroid lobe
Development of what condition is linked to hyperparathyroidism
A. kidney failure
What artery is the first branch of the External thyroid Artery
C. super thyroid artery
The normal length of an adult thyroid lobe is approximately:
C. 4.0 to 6.0. cm
A simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a:
a. hematocele
b. hydrocele
c. varicocele
d. spermatocele
B. hydrocele
Which hormones is regulated by tissue metabolism?
C. Triiodothyronine
A ___________ is a palpable midline mass between the hyoid bone and the isthmus of the thyroid gland.
a. Carotid aneurysm
b. Parathyroid adenoma
c. Thyroglossal duct cyst
d. Brachial cleft cyst
C. thyroglossal duct cyst
The majority of blood supplied to the brain is through the:
C. ICA (INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY)
A homogeneous mass is identified within the inferior portion of a thyroid lobe. A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds this mass. These sonographic findings are most consistent with which of the following neoplasm?
B. ADENOMA
Including iodide in your diet is required for the normal production of:
B. THYROXINE
Which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid?
a. thyroxine
b. iodine
c. triiodothyronine
d. calcitonin
A. THYROXINE
Which vascular structures receives blood from the posterior brain and empties into the brachiocephalic vein?
B. VERTERBRAL BRAIN or internal jugular
The vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull to form the
B. BASILLAR ARTERY
What symptom is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?
C. exophthalmos
Braciocephalic vein empties directly into the
Internal jugular vein
Primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is known to extend to which of the following structures?
A. bone
Exposure to ionizing radiation is a predisposing factor for development of which of the following neoplasms?
D. parathyroid adenoma
The sonographic appearance of the mediastinum testis is best described as
A. Hyperechoic linear structure located in the posterior medial aspect of the testis
Secondary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except:
a. left sided location
b. right sided location
c. hepatomegaly
d. renal mass
A. left sided location
Which of the following best describes a spermatocele?
a. the most common malignant neoplasm of the scrotum
b. a benign intratesticular cyst
c. a simple-appearing cyst, found within the head of epididymis, that may contain debris
d. a dilated group of veins found within the scrotum
A. a simple cyst
This sagittal image of the left inguinal canal an 8 month old male infant is most likely demonstrating an
C. Undescended testicle or Cryptochordism
Decreased urine output is most commonly linked with an abnormalitiy in which of the following structures? A. testis B. scrotum C. epidiymis D. prostate gland E. spermatic cord
D. prostate gland
Urinary frequency and decrease in urinary output is associated with
Prostatic carcinoma
Sudden onset of severe scrotal pain in an adolescent patient is most suspicious for
D. testicular torsion
Which of the following structures transports sperm from the testes to the prostatic urethra? A. rete testis B. spermatic cord C. vas deferens D. seminal vesicles E. mediastinum testis
C. vas deferens
The majority of blood supplied to the prostate gland is through the: A. urethral artery B. capsular artery C. cremasteris arteries D. inferior vesical artery E. prostaticovesical arteries
D. inferior vesical
Which is most common site for Benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Transitional zone
