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Final Review Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?
    a. sternocleidomastoid
    b. longus colli
    c. sternohyoid
    d. omohyoid
A

B. longus colli

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2
Q
  1. What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
    a. graves disease
    b. hashimoto thyroiditis
    c. papillary carcinoma
A

B. Hashimoto thyroiditis

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3
Q

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

  1. a. thyroxine
  2. b. calcitonin
  3. c. colloid
  4. d. triiodothyronine
A

C. colloid

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

a. graves disease
b. hashimoto thyroiditis
c. papillary carcinoma
d. parathyroid adenoma

A

A. Graves disease

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5
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings of an abnormal lymph node except:

a. rounded shape
b. echogenic hilum
c. calcifications
d. enlargement

A

B. echogenic hilum

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6
Q

Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

a. follicular
b. anaplastic
c. lymphoma
d. papillary

A

D. papillary

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7
Q

What structure is stimulated by secretion of thyroid hormones?

A

B. pituitary gland

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8
Q

Which disease is characterized by excessive sweating and overproduction of thyroid hormones , bulgine eyes , weight loss and hair loss

A

Hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

a. thyroxine
b. triiodothyronine
c. calcitonin
d. calcium

A

D. calcium

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10
Q

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as:

a. thyroglossal duct
b. brachial cleft
c. yodeler’s lobe
d. pyramidal lobe

A

D. pyramidal lone

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11
Q

The vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull to form the

A

B. Basilar artery

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12
Q

What vein empties directly into the internal jugular vein?

A

C. super thyroid

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13
Q

all of the following are diagnostic findings of benign thyroid nodules except:

a. anechoic mass
b. eggshell calcifications
c. hyperechoic mass
d. cold nodule

A

D. cold nodule

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14
Q

all of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules except:

a. internal calcifications
b. echogenic mass
c. cervical node involvement
d. solitary mass

A

B. echogenic mass

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15
Q

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

a. hashimoto thyroiditis
b. graves disease
c. hyperparathyroidism
d. cervical lymphadenopathy

A

B. graves disease

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16
Q

All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid except:

a. thyroxine
b. iodine
c. triiodothyronine
d. calcitonin

A

B. iodine

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17
Q

A 30-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a. Hashimoto thyroiditis
b. Grave’s disease
c. hyperparathyroidism
d. cervical lymphadenopathy

A

B. Graves Disease

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18
Q

Is associated with hypercalcemia and can cause kidney failure

A

Hyperparathyroidsim

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19
Q
  1. Hypercalcemia is associated with which of the following?
    a. grave’s disease
    b. thyroglossal duct cyst
    c. parathyroid adenoma
    d. thyroid adenoma
A

C. Parathyroid adenoma

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20
Q

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

a. 8 mm
b. 5 mm
c. 12 mm
d. 10 mm

A

D. 10 mm

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21
Q

Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

a. a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum
b. a rounded, echogenic structure with small calcifications
c. a solid, hypoechoic mass that measures greater than 1 cm
d. a solid, echogenic mass that measures less than 1 cm

A

A. A hypoechoic

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22
Q

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:

a. brachial cleft cyst
b. follicular adenoma
c. thyroglossal duct cyst
d. parathyroid adenoma

A

A. brachial cleft cyst

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23
Q

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

A

B. 4

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24
Q

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone are referred o as:

a. brachial cleft cysts
b. follicular adenomas
c. thyroglossal duct cyst
d. parathyroid adenomas

A

C. thryoglossal duct cyst

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25
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the testicle?

a. embryonal cell carcinoma
b. seminoma
c. choriocarcinoma
d. spermatocele

A

B. Seminoma

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26
Q

What is the most common cancer found in men?

a. testicular cancer
b. lung cancer
c. liver cancer
d. prostate cancer

A

D. prostate cancer

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27
Q

The most common location of prostatic cancer is the:

a. peripheral zone
b. transitional zone
c. central zone
d. verumontanum

A

A. peripheral zone

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28
Q

The most common location of a varicocele is:

a. the right side of the scrotum
b. the left side of the scrotum
c. the inguinal canal
d. within the testis

A

B. the left side of the scrotum

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29
Q

The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the:

a. yolk sac tumor
b. embryonal cell carcinoma
c. seminoma
d. teratoma

A

C. seminoma

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30
Q 
Cryptorchism is associated with an increased risk in developing:
A.	architis
B.	 a varicocele
C.	. a spermatocele
D. testicular torsion
E. microcalcification
A

D. testicular torsion

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31
Q

You have been asked to perform a study to rule out crytorchidism. The term cryptorchidism denotes:

a. one or both of the testicles has a malignancy
b. the patient lacks the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall
c. one or both of the testicles has not descended into the scrotum
d. the patient has been kicked in the scrotum

A

C. one or both of testicles has not descended into the scrotum

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32
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs within the:

a. tunica albuginea
b. rete testis
c. mediastinum testis
d. seminiferous tubules

A

D. seminiferous tubules

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33
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion except:

a. hyperemic flow within the testis
b. hypoechoic testis c. reactive hydrocele d. decreased intratesticular flow (as compared with the asymptomatic testis)
A

A. hyperemic flow within the testis

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34
Q

The endocrine function of the testicles is to produce:

a. testosterone
b. human chorionic gonadotropin
c. AFP
d. sperm

A

A. tester one

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35
Q

Which of the following techniques is useful at providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele?

a. valsalva maneuver
b. sitting position
c. pulsed Doppler
d. right lateral decubitus position

A

A. vasalla manuever

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36
Q

The lack of normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as:

a. klinefelter syndrome
b. blue dot sign
c. bell clapper deformity
d. cryptorchidism

A

B. bell clapper deformity

37
Q

Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure:

a. >8 mm
b. >4 mm
c. <2 mm
d. >2 mm

A

D. >2mm

38
Q

A 7-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a. testicular torsion
b. hydrocele
c. torsion of the testicular appendage
d. yolk sac tumor

A

C. torsion of testicular appendage

39
Q

The most common location of a hydrocele is:

a. superior to the testis
b. within the scrotal wall
c. between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
d. between the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

A

D

40
Q
  1. Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with:
    a. testicular carcinoma
    b. hydrocele
    c. testicular trauma
    d. testicular torsion
A

D. testicular torsion

41
Q
  1. The exocrine function of the testicles is to produce:
    a. testosterone
    b. human chorionic gonadotropin
    c. AFP
    d. sperm
A

D. sperm

42
Q

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

a. varicocele
b. chlamydia
c. hydrocele
d. testicular torsio

A

A. varicocele

43
Q

The blue dot sign is indicative of:

a. testicular torsion
b. epididymitis
c. orchitis
d. torsion of the testicular appendage

A

D. torsion of testicular appendage

44
Q

What scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves are within the pampiniform plexus?

a. testicular carcinoma
b. testicular microlithiasis
c. testicular torsion
d. varicocele

A

D. varicocele

45
Q

A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the:

a. epididymal cyst
b. tunica albuginea cyst
c. spermatocele
d. seminoma

A

C. spermatocele

46
Q

Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except:

a. left sided location
b. retroperitoneal mass
c. infertility
d. palpable extratesticular mass

A

B. retroperitoneal mass

47
Q

How many zones are in the prostate

  • Central
  • Peripheral
  • Transitional
A

Central
Peripheral
Transitional

48
Q

Transitional zone surrounds

A

Prostatic urethera

49
Q 
Which region of the prostate gland comprises only 5% of the glandular tissue?
A. central zone
B. peripheral zone
C. transitional zone
D. verumontanum
E. periurethral glands
A

C. transitional zone

50
Q

Associated with increased malignancy

A

Cryptochordism

51
Q

Clinical findings of BPH includes all of these except:

a. Nocturia
b. Elevated PSA
c. Hematospermia
d. Sense of urinary urgency

A

C. hematospermia

52
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes the echogenicity and location of the seminal vesicles?
A. heterogeneous structures located anterior to the bladder
B. homogeneous structures located inferior to the prostate gland
C. hyperechoic structures located posterior to the bladder
D. hypoechoic structures located superior to the prostate gland
E. homogeneous structures located medial to the vas deferens

A

D

53
Q 
Which of the following veins receives the left testicular vein?
A. left renal vein
B. IVC
C. left external iliac vein
D. left suprarenal vein
E. left internal iliac vein
A

A. left renal vein

54
Q 
Blood is supplied directly to the epididymis through which of the following arteries?
A. capsular
B. testicular
C. cremasteric
D. centripetal
E. inferior vesical
A

C. CREMASTERIC

55
Q 
The location of the epididymis is most accurately described as:
A. anterior to the testis
B. posterior to the testis
C. posterior and medial to the testis
D. posterior and lateral to the testis
E. anterior and medial to the testis
A

C. posterior and medial to the testis

56
Q 
Decreased urine output is most commonly linked with an abnormalitiy in which of the following structures?
A. testis
B. scrotum
C. epidiymis
D. prostate gland
E. spermatic cord
A

D. prostate gland

57
Q 
The normal monoclonal level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) should not exceed:
A. 2 ng/mL
B. 4 ng/mL
C. 6 ng/mL
D. 8 ng/mL
E. 10 ng/mL
A

A. 2 ng/mL

58
Q

A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the:

a. epididymal cyst
b. tunica albuginea cyst
c. spermatocele
d. seminoma

A

C. spermatocele

59
Q

A spermatocele usually lies:
A) in the head of the epididymis, superior to the testis
B) in the body of the epididymis, posterior to the testis
C) in the tail of the epididymis, inferior to the testis
D) in the body of the epididymis, lateral to the testis

A

A. in the head of the epididymis superior to the testis

60
Q

Undescended testis look ____ as compared to normal testis

A

Hypoechoic

61
Q

The most common location of prostate cancer is the:

a. peripheral zone
b. transitional zone
c. central zone
d. verumontanum

A

A. peripheral

62
Q

A solitary hypoechoic thyroid nodule demonstrating irregular borders and microcalcifications is most suspicious for

A

D. Hemangioma

63
Q

A parathyroid mass may be suspected when an abnormality is located

A

C. posterior to a thyroid lobe

64
Q

Development of what condition is linked to hyperparathyroidism

A

A. kidney failure

65
Q

What artery is the first branch of the External thyroid Artery

A

C. super thyroid artery

66
Q

The normal length of an adult thyroid lobe is approximately:

A

C. 4.0 to 6.0. cm

67
Q

A simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a:

a. hematocele
b. hydrocele
c. varicocele
d. spermatocele

A

B. hydrocele

68
Q

Which hormones is regulated by tissue metabolism?

A

C. Triiodothyronine

69
Q

A ___________ is a palpable midline mass between the hyoid bone and the isthmus of the thyroid gland.

a. Carotid aneurysm
b. Parathyroid adenoma
c. Thyroglossal duct cyst
d. Brachial cleft cyst

A

C. thyroglossal duct cyst

70
Q

The majority of blood supplied to the brain is through the:

A

C. ICA (INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY)

71
Q

A homogeneous mass is identified within the inferior portion of a thyroid lobe. A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds this mass. These sonographic findings are most consistent with which of the following neoplasm?

A

B. ADENOMA

72
Q

Including iodide in your diet is required for the normal production of:

A

B. THYROXINE

73
Q

Which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid?

a. thyroxine
b. iodine
c. triiodothyronine
d. calcitonin

A

A. THYROXINE

74
Q

Which vascular structures receives blood from the posterior brain and empties into the brachiocephalic vein?

A

B. VERTERBRAL BRAIN or internal jugular

75
Q

The vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull to form the

A

B. BASILLAR ARTERY

76
Q

What symptom is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?

A

C. exophthalmos

77
Q

Braciocephalic vein empties directly into the

A

Internal jugular vein

78
Q

Primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is known to extend to which of the following structures?

A

A. bone

79
Q

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a predisposing factor for development of which of the following neoplasms?

A

D. parathyroid adenoma

80
Q

The sonographic appearance of the mediastinum testis is best described as

A

A. Hyperechoic linear structure located in the posterior medial aspect of the testis

81
Q

Secondary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except:

a. left sided location
b. right sided location
c. hepatomegaly
d. renal mass

A

A. left sided location

82
Q

Which of the following best describes a spermatocele?

a. the most common malignant neoplasm of the scrotum
b. a benign intratesticular cyst
c. a simple-appearing cyst, found within the head of epididymis, that may contain debris
d. a dilated group of veins found within the scrotum

A

A. a simple cyst

83
Q

This sagittal image of the left inguinal canal an 8 month old male infant is most likely demonstrating an

A

C. Undescended testicle or Cryptochordism

84
Q 
Decreased urine output is most commonly linked with an abnormalitiy in which of the following structures?
A. testis
B. scrotum
C. epidiymis
D. prostate gland
E. spermatic cord
A

D. prostate gland

85
Q

Urinary frequency and decrease in urinary output is associated with

A

Prostatic carcinoma

86
Q

Sudden onset of severe scrotal pain in an adolescent patient is most suspicious for

A

D. testicular torsion

87
Q 
Which of the following structures transports sperm from the testes to the prostatic urethra?
A. rete testis
B. spermatic cord
C. vas deferens
D. seminal vesicles
E. mediastinum testis
A

C. vas deferens

88
Q 
The majority of blood supplied to the prostate gland is through the:
A. urethral artery
B. capsular artery
C. cremasteris arteries
D. inferior vesical artery
E. prostaticovesical arteries
A

D. inferior vesical

89
Q

Which is most common site for Benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Transitional zone

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