midterm 1 (week 6.1 to 7.2) Flashcards
serial position effect (2)
primacy effect: the first few words on the list are typically recalled better
recency effect: the last few words on the list are typically recalled better
disrupts primacy effect
speed up presentation
disrupts recency effect
counting (or any distracting task) before recall
short term memory capacity
magic seven (plus or minus two)
chunking
a strategy for improving storage capacity
serial vs parallel search
serial: one-by-one search by order
parallel: scan from multiple rows/columns, not by order
self-terminating vs exhaustive search
self-terminating: search stops when target detected
exhaustive: scan through the entire display even if target already found
information decay vs interference
decay: information “fades” away (“time” matters)
interference: information replaced by new input (“new information” matters)
when the number of interfering items is larger than 7 in the probe digit task (fast or slow better)
fast is better than slow (strong evidence for decay)
when the number of interfering items is smaller than 4 in the probe digit task (fast or slow better)
slow is better than fast (weak evidence for decay)
working memory
processing input and temporary storage; limited capacity
central executive
in working memory; resources allocation; “executive control”
visuo-spatial sketchpad
in working memory; visual input retention/rehearsal
phonological loop
in working memory; verbal input retention/rehearsal
free recall fast vs slow presentation
fast: less time to rehearse; poorer recall of initial items
slow: more time to rehearse; better recall of initial items
probe-digit task (is rehearsal useful)
rehearsal not useful
free recall (is rehearsal useful)
rehearsal is useful
prosaccade vs antisaccade
prosaccade: cue and target on the same side of the display
antisaccade: cue and target on the opposite side
complex span (components)
word span (recall the last word) and comprehension (true/false judgment)
episodic buffer
in working memory; accesses long term memory
declarative vs procedural memory
declarative: things that can be described (may be both episodic and semantic)
procedural: things hard to describe
episodic vs semantic
episodic: personal experience from previous events; “timestamp” of events
semantic: general knowledge
encoding specificity
remember something with related context/events/surroundings; state-dependent and mood-dependent
implicit vs explicit memory
implicit: things processed and learned without conscious awareness
explicit: things that can be consciously recollected
shallow vs deep processing
shallow: encoding of word form
deep: encoding of word meaning
recoding
organizing scattered pieces of information into a meaningful unit; mnemonics
