midterm 1 (week 6.1 to 7.2)

Question 1

serial position effect (2)

Answer 1

primacy effect: the first few words on the list are typically recalled better
recency effect: the last few words on the list are typically recalled better

Question 2

disrupts primacy effect

Answer 2

speed up presentation

Question 3

disrupts recency effect

Answer 3

counting (or any distracting task) before recall

Question 4

short term memory capacity

Answer 4

magic seven (plus or minus two)

Question 5

chunking

Answer 5

a strategy for improving storage capacity

Question 6

serial vs parallel search

Answer 6

serial: one-by-one search by order
parallel: scan from multiple rows/columns, not by order

Question 7

self-terminating vs exhaustive search

Answer 7

self-terminating: search stops when target detected
exhaustive: scan through the entire display even if target already found

Question 8

information decay vs interference

Answer 8

decay: information “fades” away (“time” matters)
interference: information replaced by new input (“new information” matters)

Question 9

when the number of interfering items is larger than 7 in the probe digit task (fast or slow better)

Answer 9

fast is better than slow (strong evidence for decay)

Question 10

when the number of interfering items is smaller than 4 in the probe digit task (fast or slow better)

Answer 10

slow is better than fast (weak evidence for decay)

Question 11

working memory

Answer 11

processing input and temporary storage; limited capacity

Question 12

central executive

Answer 12

in working memory; resources allocation; “executive control”

Question 13

visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 13

in working memory; visual input retention/rehearsal

Question 14

phonological loop

Answer 14

in working memory; verbal input retention/rehearsal

Question 15

free recall fast vs slow presentation

Answer 15

fast: less time to rehearse; poorer recall of initial items
slow: more time to rehearse; better recall of initial items

Question 16

probe-digit task (is rehearsal useful)

Answer 16

rehearsal not useful

Question 17

free recall (is rehearsal useful)

Answer 17

rehearsal is useful

Question 18

prosaccade vs antisaccade

Answer 18

prosaccade: cue and target on the same side of the display
antisaccade: cue and target on the opposite side

Question 19

complex span (components)

Answer 19

word span (recall the last word) and comprehension (true/false judgment)

Question 20

episodic buffer

Answer 20

in working memory; accesses long term memory

Question 21

declarative vs procedural memory

Answer 21

declarative: things that can be described (may be both episodic and semantic)
procedural: things hard to describe

Question 22

episodic vs semantic

Answer 22

episodic: personal experience from previous events; “timestamp” of events
semantic: general knowledge

Question 23

encoding specificity

Answer 23

remember something with related context/events/surroundings; state-dependent and mood-dependent

Question 24

implicit vs explicit memory

Answer 24

implicit: things processed and learned without conscious awareness
explicit: things that can be consciously recollected

Question 25

shallow vs deep processing

Answer 25

shallow: encoding of word form
deep: encoding of word meaning

Question 26

recoding

Answer 26

organizing scattered pieces of information into a meaningful unit; mnemonics