Midterm 1: Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

What are minerals?

Answer 1

INORGANIC substance required by the body to sustain life

Question 2

T/F Minerals are made by living things.

Answer 2

FALSE- they are found naturally in soil and water and are absorbed by plants which are then eaten

Question 3

How do we obtain minerals?

Answer 3

DIET (from plant AND animal products)

Question 4

Are all minerals needed by the body in equal quantities?

Answer 4

NO! Micro v. Macro v. trace minerals

Question 5

Calcium

Answer 5

Ca2+

Question 6

Chloride

Answer 6

Cl-

Question 7

Magnesium

Answer 7

Mg2+

Question 8

Phosphorus

Answer 8

P

Question 9

Potassium

Answer 9

K+

Question 10

Sodium

Answer 10

Na+

Question 11

Calcium function (4):

Answer 11

bone/teeth formation
muscle contraction
nervous system functioning
hormone secretion

Question 12

Chloride function (2):

Answer 12

fluid balance

nervous system function

Question 13

Magnesium function:

Answer 13

don’t need to know

Question 14

Phosphorus function (3):

Answer 14

bone formation
ATP formation
Hormone activation

Question 15

Potassium function (3):

Answer 15

fluid balance
BP regulation
Nervous system function

Question 16

Sodium function (4):

Answer 16

fluid balance
BP regulation
muscle contraction
nervous system function

Question 17

Name the MACRO-minerals (6).

Answer 17

Ca2+
Cl-
Mg2+
P
K+
Na+

Question 18

Name the MICRO-minerals (6).

Answer 18

Chromium (Cr)
Copper (Cu)
Iodine (I)
Iron (Fe)
Selenium (Se)
Zinc (Zn)

Question 19

Chromium function:

Answer 19

don’t need to know

Question 20

Copper function (1):

Answer 20

antioxidant

Question 21

Iodine function (1):

Answer 21

thyroid hormone production

Question 22

Iron function (1):

Answer 22

hemeglobin formation

Question 23

Selenium function (1):

Answer 23

antioxidant

Question 24

Zinc function (1):

Answer 24

antioxidant

Question 25

What are vitamins?

Answer 25

ORGANIC substance required by the body to sustain life

Question 26

T/F vitamins are obtained through diet?

Answer 26

TRUE- made by plants/animal which are then eaten by us

Question 27

Can the body synthesize vitamins? If so, which ones?

Answer 27

Yes, vitamin D & K–> but not in adequate amount

Question 28

What do most vitamins function as?

Answer 28

co-enzymes

Question 29

What are co-enzymes?

Answer 29

organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis

Question 30

What are the fat soluble vitamins:

Answer 30

A, D, E, K

Question 31

What are the water-soluble vitamins:

Answer 31

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C

Question 32

Names of Vitamin A (3)

Answer 32

Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic acid

Question 33

Name of Vitamin D

Answer 33

Cholecalciferol

Question 34

Name of Vitamin E

Answer 34

Tocopherol

Question 35

Name of Vitamin B1

Answer 35

Thiamine

Question 36

Name of Vitamin B2

Answer 36

Riboflavin

Question 37

Name of Vitamin B3

Answer 37

Niacin

Question 38

Name of Vitamin B5

Answer 38

Pantothenic acid

Question 39

Name of Vitamin B6

Answer 39

Pyridoxine

Question 40

Name of Vitamin B7

Answer 40

Biotin

Question 41

Name of Vitamin B9 (2)

Answer 41

Folate, folic acid

Question 42

Name of Vitamin B12

Answer 42

Cobalamin

Question 43

Name of Vitamin C

Answer 43

Ascorbic acid

Question 44

Function/deficiency of Vitamin A (2)

Answer 44

Vision, Mucin production

night blindness, dry eyes

Question 45

Function of Vitamin E

Answer 45

Antioxidant

Question 46

Function/deficiency of Vitamin K

Answer 46

Blood Clotting

hemorrhage

Question 47

Function of Vitamin B2

Answer 47

Corneal-cross linking

Question 48

Function/deficiency of Vitamin B12

Answer 48

Myelin synthesis, RBC formation

anemia, irreversible nerve damage

Question 49

Function of Vitamin C

Answer 49

Antioxident