DNA- FINAL EXAM

Question 1

DNA and RNA are made up of smaller units called __________.

Answer 1

nucleotides

Question 2

What do nucleotides consists of?

Answer 2

phosphate group(s), pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 3

How many phosphates can a nucleotide have? Name them.

Answer 3

May contain 1-3 phosphates:
Nucleotide monophosphate
Nucleotide diphosphate
Nucleotide triphosphate

Question 4

What gives nucleic acid their acidic properties?

Answer 4

phosphate

Question 5

What is a pentose sugar made up of?

Answer 5

Carbons numbered 1’-5’

Question 6

In a pentose sugar, name what each carbon is attached to.

Answer 6

1’ carbon is attached to the nitrogenous base
2’ carbon attached to either hydrogen or a hydroxyl group
3’ carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
5’ carbon is attached to the phosphate

Question 7

Deoxyribose

Answer 7

hydrogen; less reactive

Question 8

Ribose

Answer 8

hydroxyl group; more reactive

Question 9

What makes up a nitrogenous base?

Answer 9

Pyrimidine- single ring structure

Purine- double-ring structure

Question 10

What are the pyrimidines?

Answer 10

□ Cytosine (DNA or RNA)
□ Thymine (DNA only)
□ Uracil (RNA only)

Question 11

What are the purines?

Answer 11

□ Adenine (DNA or RNA)

□ Guanine (DNA or RNA