Midterm 1 Terms

Question 1

Pulmonary and systemic circulation

Answer 1

pulmonary is deoxygenated to blood, systemic to the body and is oxygenated

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

80 percent of cardiac diseases, can lead to aneurysm, atheromatous plaques build up inside of arteries

Question 3

Atheroma

Answer 3

abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of the wall of an artery

Question 4

valve stenosis

Answer 4

narrowing of pulmonary valve

Question 5

valve prolapse

Answer 5

bulging of the valves (floppy valves), they don’t close properly and cause leakage.

Question 6

valve insufficiency

Answer 6

leaky valves, leaflets do not close completely and blood leaks backward.

Question 7

diastole and systole

Answer 7

Diastole is when heart fills with blood, systole when it squeezes it out

Question 8

cardiac output

Answer 8

describes the amount of blood your heart pumps each minute. Formula: CO = Stroke
Volume x HR. Normal 5000mL/min or 5L/min

Question 9

auto-rhythmicity

Answer 9

Order is SA node (pacemaker), AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle branches and purkinje fibers.

Question 10

stenosis

Answer 10

valve that is narrowed and doesn’t open properly.

Question 11

Aneurysm

Answer 11

abnormal stretching (dilation) of the artery wall, the vein wall or the heart with a
diameter that is at least 50% greater than normal. Most common in aorta, femoral, thoracic
aneurysm and abdominal aneurysm.

Question 12

heart murmur

Answer 12

turbulence in the heart

Question 13

dextrocardia

Answer 13

the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest, can be asymptomatic

Question 14

Teratology of Fallot

Answer 14

four abnormalities that results in insufficiently oxygenated blood pumped
to the body – narrowing of the pulmonary valve, Thickening of wall of right ventricle, Displacement of aorta over ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect (opening between the left and right ventricles

Question 15

ventricular septal defect

Answer 15

most common congenital heart defect, mixing of blood in the left and right heart chambers

Question 16

pericardial effusion

Answer 16

the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart

Question 17

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 17

rigidity of myocardium due to replacement of normal muscle with abnormal tissue. Though the heart can squeeze well, it’s not able to relax between beats normally. This makes it harder for the heart to fill with blood. The blood backs up in the circulatory system.

Question 18

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

most often caused by abnormal genes in the heart muscle. These
genes cause the walls of the heart chamber (left ventricle) to contract harder and become thicker than normal. The thickened walls become stiff

Question 19

dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 19

most common type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. In dilated
cardiomyopathy, the heart’s ability to pump blood is decreased because the heart’s main
pumping chamber, the left ventricle, is enlarged, dilated and weak

Question 20

cor pulmonale

Answer 20

right sided heart failure, an enlargement of the R ventricle due to high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, usually caused by chronic lung disease.

Question 21

cardiac tamponade

Answer 21

medical emergency, compression of the heart by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac (pericardial effusion)

Question 22

arrhythmia’s

Answer 22

disturbance of heart rate or rhythm due to problems in the generation and conduction of electrical impulse in the heart. Normal HR – 60-100 bpm.

Question 23

Tachycardia

Answer 23

increased HR at rest (over 100 bpm)

Question 24

Bradycardia

Answer 24

decreased HR at rest (under 60 bpm)

Question 25

Sinus arrhythmia

Answer 25

normal variation in the heart rhythm caused by respiration (sign of a
healthy, well functioning heart)

Question 26

coarctation of aorta

Answer 26

stenosis of thoracic aorta

Question 27

stroke volume

Answer 27

the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each
systolic cardiac contraction

Question 28

Stroke

Answer 28

when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced

Question 29

Heart attack

Answer 29

rapid, sudden occlusion of coronary artery

Question 30

Myocardial infarction

Answer 30

most common in anterior descending branch of L coronary artery