Midterm 1 revised Flashcards
Who created functionalism
James
Behaviorism
Says behavior is acquired through conditioning
Who created operant conditioning?
Skinner
Structuralism
aims to determine the structure of consciousness
Dogmatism
unwaveringly clinging to one’s beliefs
Deductive reasoning
theory to observation
Inductive reasoning (more common)
observation to theory
Illusory correlations
complete coincidences
validity
does our intrument measure what we want it to measure
reliability
does our instrument return results over time
assimilation
take a new instance of something an applying it to a schema
accomodation
changing a schema based on new information and restructure
Dynamic systems theory
New behaviours emerge as a mix of nature and nurture
Who created psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
8 stages of Psychosocial development
- Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1)
- Autonomy vs. shame/doubt (1-3)
- Initiative vs. guit (3-6)
- Industry vs inferiority (7-11)
- Identity vs. role confusion (12-18)
- Intamacy vs. isolation (19-29)
- Generativity vs. stagnation (30-64)
- Integrity vs. despair (65+)
mneumonic for Erikson’s stages
trusty
ants
initiate
industrious
ideas
inspiring
generous
integrity
piaget’s four stages
- Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
- Preoperational stage (2-7)
- Concrete operational stage (7-11)
- Formal operational stage (12+)
Some people can fly
Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational Formal operational
AGE & What happens in the sensorimotor stage
AGE: 0-2
- Explore through senses
- Object permanence
- Stranger anxiety
AGE & What happens in the preoperational stage
AGE: 2-7
- Start symbolic thinking
- Conservation
- Egocentric
AGE & what happens in the concrete operational stage
AGE: 7-11
- Start thinking logically
- Develop a theory of mind
AGE & what happens in the formal operational stage
AGE: 12+
- Start thinking avstractly
AGE & what happens in Trust vs. Mistrust
(0-1)
- Can my needs be trusted
AGE & what happens in
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
(1-3)
- Kids want independence
AGE & what happens in
initiative vs. guilt
(3-6)
- Play with other kids
- Own rules of the game
- Inititaive
AGE & what happens in
industry vs. inferiority
(7-11)
- Trying to find their place in the world
AGE & what happens in
identity vs. role confusion
(12-18)
- Identify the group they are part of
AGE & what happens in
intamacy vs. isolation
(19-29)
- Settle down
- Look for partner
AGE & what happens in
Generativity vs. stagnation
(30-64)
- Can I contribute to society
AGE & what happens in
integrity vs. despair
(64+)
- Assess your life
Confounding variables
third variables
operational definition
a description of how a certain variable will be measured
