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Psyc 102 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Dogmatism

A

unwaveringly clinging to ones beliefs

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2
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

theory to observation

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3
Q

inductive reasoning (more common)

A

observation to theory

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4
Q

Hawthorn effect

A

acting different when you know you’re being watched

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5
Q

Illusory correlations

A

complete coincidences

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6
Q

Quasi-experimental design

A

an experiment where groups are non-random

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7
Q

Dynamic systems theory

A

New behaviours emerge as a mix of nature (genetics) and nurture (environment)

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8
Q

strange situation paradigm

A

child left in room:
secure
avoidant
anxious

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9
Q

Who believed intelligence was fixed

A

Galton

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10
Q

Robert Sternberg 3 types

A

analytical
creative
practical

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11
Q

range of reaction theory

A

environment determines which degree our genes are expressed

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12
Q

Over justification effect

A

decrease in intrinsic as a result of an external reward

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13
Q

grehlin

A

released by stomach, goes to hypothalamus, tells body its hungry

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14
Q

orexin

A

released by the hypothalamus, makes your hungry

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15
Q

leptin

A

stops hunger

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16
Q

nucleus accumbens for sex

A

motivation for sex

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17
Q

mood

A

long-term, not always continuosly experienceed

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18
Q

emotion

A

intense effective state, continuouisly experienced, short lived

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19
Q

James Lange

A

stimulus -> physiological response -> emotional response

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20
Q

Define personality

A

a set of stable characteristics that dictate how we interact with and interpret the world, and how we behave

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21
Q

hippocrates model of personality

A

medical model - four tempermants based on four fluids “humours”

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22
Q

sanguine

A

blood: cheery, happy, joyful

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23
Q

phlegmatic

A

phlegm: calm, reliable

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24
Q

melancholic

A

black bile: reserved, unhappy, thoughtful

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25
Q

choleric

A

yellow bile: passionate, excitable

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26
Q

what did Gall say

A

bump vs. dip in head determined brain growth

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27
Q

Freud’s triarchic personality theory

A

Id
Ego
Superego

Imbalances lead to neurosis (tendency to experience negative emotions

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28
Q

neurosis

A

the tendency to experience negative emotions

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29
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

the egos attempt to restore balance: we are unaware we are using them

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30
Q

denial

A

refusing to accept real events becasue they are unpleasant

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31
Q

displacement

A

displace your aggresive tendencies onto something else

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32
Q

projection

A

when you cast your feelings onto another person

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33
Q

reaction formation

A

showing the opposite reaction to what you actually feel

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34
Q

regression

A

regress to an earlier stage of life

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35
Q

repression

A

bury a bad memory deep down

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36
Q

sublimation

A

healthy way to express a negative emotion

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37
Q

rationalization

A

justifying your behaviour by substituting acceptable reasons

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38
Q

universal big 5

A

OCEAN
openess to new experiences
conscientiousness
extroversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

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39
Q

neurotisicm

A

emotional stability

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40
Q

Albert Bandura’s ideas of personality

reciprocal determinism

A

cognitions interact with environment to shape our personality

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41
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

cognition
environment
behaviours
(all interact) to reinforce personality

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42
Q

internal locus of control

A

outcomes are a result of our efforts

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43
Q

external locus of control

A

outcomes are out of our control

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44
Q

attributions

A

explanations for events or actions, including other peoples behaviours

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45
Q

situationism

A

behaviour is determined by the environment

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46
Q

dispositionism

A

behaviour is determined by internal factors

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47
Q

correspondence bias

A

when there is a situational explanation for someone’s behaviour, we tend to favour dispositional explanations

48
Q

actor-observer bias

A

for other people we make a correspondance bias (blaming it on them), for us wew make a correct situational explanation

49
Q

self-serving bias (other teams failure)

A

disposition (they suck)

50
Q

self-serving bias (our teams failure)

A

situational (refs against us)

51
Q

self-serving bias (other teams success)

A

situational (they got lucky)

52
Q

self-serving bias (our teams success

A

disposition (we rock)

53
Q

collectivist cultures

A

less likely to focus on situational vs. dispositional

54
Q

yale method to attitude change

A

messenger
message
audience

55
Q

problem with yale method

A

doesn’t tell us the strength of the attitude change

56
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

how much the audience engages with a message

57
Q

central route

A

critically ewngage, logic and reasoning, long lasting

58
Q

peripheral route

A

do not critically engage, care about who is telling the message, short lasting

59
Q

foot in the door technique

A

using a bunch of small factors to build to a big ask

60
Q

door in the face technique

A

outlandish ask, then compromise, then meet at your goal

61
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

unformfortable mental state when you hold inconsisten attitudes/behaviours

62
Q

fix to cognitive dissonance

A

bring the opposite back in line

63
Q

Milgram’s experiment

A

how people obey

64
Q

Asch experiment

A

people conform based on what others are saying, even if they are wrong

65
Q

normative social influence

A

we want to fit in:
changes behaviour NOT ATTITUDE

66
Q

informational social influence

A

we are not sure what is expected, so we look to others:
CHANGED BEHAVIOUR and ATTITUDE

67
Q

social facilitation

A

what we do well we will do better around others

68
Q

social inhibition

A

what you’re bad at, you’ll do worse around others

69
Q

social loafing

A

no accountability, rewards are equal, more group members

70
Q

group think

A

group reaches a decision simply to keep harmony

71
Q

Three main etiologies of mental disorders

A

supernatural explanations
biological perspectives
diathesis-stress model

72
Q

supernatural explanations

A

demons in head
demonology - mutation, beating, drilling, removal

73
Q

biological perspectives

A

genetics, neurotransmitter imbalance

74
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

biological side + stress/illness/traumatic event = mental disorder

75
Q

harmful dysfunction

A

when dysfunction has negative consequences

76
Q

prognosis

A

predicted outcome

77
Q

comorbidity

A

two or more diseases present at once

78
Q

generalized anxiety disorder diagnosis

A

> 6 months
difficult to control worry
experience 3 or more side effects

79
Q

causes of generalized anxiety disorder

A

genetic (15-20%)
trauma
avoidance
family history

80
Q

panic disorder timeline

A

– two or more within two weeks
– one month or more of (fear of fear) and change in behaviour

81
Q

panic disorder causes

A

issues with locus coeruleus (norepinephrine)
sodium lactate - induces panic attacks, heavy breathing

82
Q

phobias diagnosis

A

persistent fear
anxiety response
> 6 months
recognizing its too much
interferes with daily life

83
Q

phobias causes

A

classical conditioning
vicarious learning
prepared learning

84
Q

vicarious learning

A

fears are learned, likely to develop fears of things that aren’t actually fangerous

85
Q

prepared learning

A

fearing things that look a certain way

86
Q

depression diagnosis timeline

A

2 or more weeks
atleast 5 criteria lasting

87
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

dopamine
norepinephrine
glutamate
substance p

88
Q

depression and serotonin

A

not enough serotonin

89
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

serotonin
gaba
endorphins

90
Q

bipolar 1 disorder

A

1 manic atleast

91
Q

bipolar 2 disorder

A

hypomania, not full but a clear deviation from the norm

92
Q

bipolar diagnosis timeline

A

atleast one hypomanic/manic
> 1 week

93
Q

pleitropic effects

A

a single gene effects two or more characters

94
Q

causes of bipolar

A

strong heritability (70%)
too much norepinephrine
pleiotropic effects

95
Q

schizophrenia diagnosis

A

hallucinations, delusions, disordered speech, social widrawl
tangentiality

96
Q

schizophrenia casues

A

limbic system - hallucinations
frontal lobe - negative symptoms
6x normal dopamine receptors
illness of brain

97
Q

benzodiazepines

A

for anxiety
increases GABA
addictive

98
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

increase serotonin

99
Q

monoamine oxidase inhibitor

A

depression
block breaking down neurotransmitters

100
Q

tricylcics

A

stop reuptake of norepinephrine/serotonin

101
Q

lithium for bipolar

A

help regulates hpow the signal travels
works 33% of the time

102
Q

dopamine hypothesis - antipsychotics

A

blocks dopamine to reduce positive symptons

103
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

regulate pathways

104
Q

psychoanalysis

A
  • your issues are because of childhood trauma
  • free assoc and dream analysis
    -takes years
105
Q

humanistic

A
  • potential for growth
  • no feedback
106
Q

behavioural therapy

A

CHANGE HOW WE ACT
behaviours are learnt
behaviours are unlearnt by counter conditioning

107
Q

cognitive therapy

A

CHANGES HOW YOU THINK
- how you think determines how you feel

108
Q

three types of cognitive distortion

A

overgeneralizations
all-or nothing thinking
jumping to conclusions

109
Q

best form of therapy

A

cognitive and behavioural (CBT)

110
Q

heritability

A

describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

111
Q

who created self-efficacy

A

Albert Bandura

112
Q

self-serving bias

A

are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

113
Q

attitude

A

is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

114
Q

person-situation controversy

A

strong situations dictate bejavioir
weak situations do not dictate behaviour

115
Q

panic disorder heritability

A

43% genetic

116
Q

what is the most heritable

A

schizophrenia/bipolar

117
Q

what is the least heritable

A

phobias (12), GAD (15-20)

Psyc 102 (4 decks)

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