Midterm 1-Readings-Guerrero Flashcards
what percent of social meaning is derived from nonverbal behaviors?
60-65%
is nonverbal or verbal more believable?
nonverbal
what is nonverbal communication
all messages other than words that people exchange in interactive contexts
-takes into account both the sender and the receiver of the message
what counts as communication (3)?
- whether or not the sender intends to send the message
- whether or not the receiver pays attention to and interprets the message
and - whether the receiver’s interpretation is accurate
(6 possible outcomes on p.7)
successful communication occurs when
a person intentionally sends a message
miscommunication occurs when
a person intends to send a particular message but the receiver interprets it incorrectly
attempted communication occurs when
a person intends to send a message, but no one receives it
accidental communication occurs when
a person attaches the right meaning to another person’s unintentional behavior
misinterpretation occurs when
a person attaches the wrong meaning to an unintended behavior
unattended behavior occurs when
a person goes unnoticed by the receiver
source perspective
Motley, comm. occurs when a person intends to send a msg. and another person attends to that message
receiver perspective
Andersen, behavior is comm. as long as someone attaches meaning to it
kinesics
messages sent to your body, through gesture, posture, body movement, body lean, and so forth
vocalics
sound of the voice as well as the silences, also known as paralanguage, HOW you say words
spatial communication/proxemics
how you use your space and territory
territortality
fixed or moveable space such as homes, cars, or public spaces that people occupy
tactile communication
also known as haptics, touch and physical contact, such as grabbing, patting, hugging, hitting, kissing, kicking
chronemics
how you use and perceive time
environmental cues
color, noise, architectural design
general agreement that nonverbal messages are essential in accomplishing what? (5)
- creating first impressions and person perceptions
- sending relational messages, such as closeness, intimacy, and distance
- expressing emotion
- enabling people to send mixed or deceptive messages
- sending messages of power and persuasion
immediacy principle
people will approach individuals, situations, or objects they like and will avoid or move away from those they don’t like
emotional blends
ex: disappointment
do deceivers avoid eye contact?
no they look at your more so you don’t think they are deceiving you (p.13)
impressions of women in organizations
- difficult to choose between aesthetics and creativity vs. compotence
- skirted suits make them look more business savvy
- color code more rigid for men
black uniforms and aggression
appear NHL and NFL teams in black are angrier and more aggressive
-penalities- more for these teams
Hand movements as emblems
direct verbal translation usually consisting of a word or two, precise meaning is known by most, deliberately used, knows that the sender was sending it to them, and the sender usually takes responsibility for having made that communication
are emblems cultural specific?
yes
are illustrators socially learned?
yes
eye contact
usually a first step in interpersonal engagement, beginning a train of action that develops and defines the relationship
-example, pedestrian makes eye contact with car to make sure they won’t run the crosswalk
taijin kyofu
when a person avoids others for fear he will injure them if eyes meet
visual perception
active process in which incoming stimuli are combined with learned information in order to make deductions which go far beyond the immediate sensory evidence
prominence of vision
- social position: i.e. sitting at head of table
- positive vs. negative emotions: positive: more gaze, negative: less
- willingness to relate: looking at each other
- women vs. men: women look more
- cultural factors: some taught not to stare, some think its rude not to
- synchrony of speech: listeners glance more than speakers,
- character traits: direct gaze more likely to be returned by the person with aggressive and assertive character traits
vocalics
sound and silence
vocalizations
specific sounds you make that are not words
vocal attractiveness stereotype
“good voices” good people p. 156
seduction
strategic and intentional sequence of moves in which the primary motive is to attract (usually sexually) another person
affection
direct or indirect expression of feelings toward one another
baby talk
3/4 adults said they used it in adult relationships
Positive and negative values of silence
- linkage function: silence may bond two or more people or it may separate them
- an affecting function: silence may heal over time or wound
- revelation function: silence may make something known to a person (self-exploration) or it may hide info from others
- judgemental function: may signal assent and favor or dissent and dissfavor
- activating function: may signal deep thoughfulness or it may signal mental inactivity
inner and outward
- inner: truthfulness and is located symbolically in the heart and belly
- outward: face, mouth and spoken words and with disgust, disguise, etc.
reticent individuals
trusted as honest, sincere, straight forward
silence is an
active state, while speech is an excuse for delaying activity
