midterm 1 part 6 reviews Flashcards
What is the definition of a stereotype?
A generalized belief about a group of people
Stereotypes are mainly_________ meaning?
Cognitive= composed of our thoughts and beliefs
- Prejudices are predominately___________ meaning?
Predominately affective = based on feelings and evaluations
Discrimination is ______________meaning?
Connotative= based upon behavior
“All are important in our interactions in diverse environments”
Does every person who exhibits discriminatory behavior have stereotypic beliefs or prejudicial attitudes?
Finally, stereotypes and prejudice could develop as a result of discriminatory behavior, rather than the reverse. A person may unintentionally behave in a way that is perceived as offensive or thoughtless, and this behavior may elicit a negative reaction from another. The negative behavior is interpreted as a characteristic of the person’s group, leading to negative stereotypes and feelings.
What is more likely to be a problem at work—stereotyped thinking or discriminatory behavior?
Unpleasant or discriminatory behavior toward others is more likely to be a problem in work organizations than stereotyped thinking or negative feelings. It is more efficient and effective to focus on changing behavior so it is respectful, neutral or positive and focused on accomplishing the organizations work
Is it realistic to believe we can eliminate all stereotypes in the workplace? Why or why not?
Stereotypes are remarkably resistant to change. Diversity managers should expect that they will be difficult to change. When time and cognitive resources are limited, .we remember best the information matching our stereotypes; we tend to overlook, ignore, filter out, or explain away contradictory information.
How do stereotypes affect learning about people in new situations?
(1) Stereotypes may prevent us from attending to and learning unique information about others because stereotypic beliefs are strong.
(2) It may imply we are not paying attention to an individual with whom we are interacting and that person may be offended.
(3) As generalizations about a group, stereotypes are inaccurate as a description of any single individual in a category.
What happens when “shifting standards” occur?
New information is interpreted consistently with our expectations for a person’s category (Biernat, 2009). Stereotypes affect attributions (judgments). Someone’s behavior seems unpredictable or unreliable when it does not match expectations for the stereotypic category (Hilton & von Hippel, 1996).
How does the idea of “a kernel of truth” relate to stereotypes?
Representing an accurate description of how a group compares with others, but exaggerating differences between groups. (Schneider, 2004).
What is the accuracy of stereotypes based on ethnicity, race or gender?
A generalized belief about a group of people
What is a “self-fulfilling prophecy?”
process of assuming something about another, the behaving as if that assumption is true
What is a “Stereotype Threat?”
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
What is “stereotype activation” and how does it occur?
encountering something that activates a stereotype
How can we reduce the impact of categorical thinking? (Six ways)
(1) We can reduce the impact of categorical thinking by obtaining and using individuating information about a person.
(2) We may be able to make a decision without knowing a candidate’s category membership. (Sometimes called blinding).
(3) When recognizing we are stereotyping, we may be able to correct for our category-based inferences
(4) The perceiver can try to see a situation as the (stereotyped) would see it and emphasize what the perceiver and target have in common.
(5) Being exposed to counter stereotypic examples or actively generating counter stereotypic imagery can sometimes be successful in reducing automatic stereotype activation (Blair, 2002).
