midterm 1 part 4 reviews Flashcards
- What does “organizational structure” refer to?
both the formal and informal boundaries within and among parts of the organization
formal structures/boundaries :
may consist of departments such as management, marketing, divisions, different geographic area, position groupings, administrative, technical, support personnel etc.
-result from decisions by higher ups
-define eligibility for benefits, work hours, and flexibility
-define areas that differ in power
-affect patterns of communication
Result from executive decisions
informal structures/boundaries :
develop spontaneously, such as employees using the lunchroom and this going out to lunch, or those who play golf together vs those who don’t
-affect patterns of communication
develops simultaneously
What do “layers” in an organization do?
divide in terms of authority, respectability, power, salary, control of budget, and other attributes
Do all organizations have the same amount or type of layers; if not, how are they different?
NO
-some are tall, with many layers
-some are flatter
What are faultlines and what are they based on?
the perceived divisions that split groups into two or more subgroups based on individual differences such as sex, race, age, work experience, and education
What does the “glass ceiling” refer to?
an invisible, but seemingly impermeable barrier that keeps most women from climbing up the occupational ladder
What does the “sticky floor” refer to?
social forces that keep the majority of the world’s women stuck in low-paid jobs, not even in sight of the glass ceiling
What does the “glass escalator” refer to?
the accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work organization, especially in feminized jobs
What are “glass walls” and what do they do or cause?
an invisible barrier to the lateral mobility of women, minorities, and other groups in the workplace, such as from human resources to operations, which could lead to top management positions
What is “occupational segregation” and what are the explanations for its occurrence?
the separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs
-used to be legal to advertise a certain position by gender
-womens’ jobs pay less than jobs held predominately by men
What does “Duncan’s D” (or the index of Dissimilarity) measure?
measures how differently groups of people (men and women) are distributed across different job categories
-just over 50% of US workers would have to change jobs for men and women to be distributed in the same pattern
How is the “wage gap” calculated?
gender earnings ratio = (median annual earnings for all female workers/ The median annual pay for all male workers)
gender wage gap = (100% - gender earnings ratio)
What is the relationship between the “published gap” and take home pay and why does this relationship exist?
the published gap actually underestimates the real sex difference in take home pay because so many women earn less than the annual full-time amount for their sex
-pay rates for the sexes are more similar than their take-home pay.
According to our text, what is the purpose of “job evaluations?
to evaluate skill, responsibility, and other attributes of hobs so they can be arrange in a hierarchy for the purpose of setting wages
