Midterm 1 (Part 2)

Question 1

simulatenous with triagulation

Answer 1

quanti+quali, vice versa,

Question 2

interuppted time series?

Answer 2

evaluted repeatdly before and after treatment

Question 3

what is a disease outbreak

Answer 3

A disease outbreak is when more cases of a disease occur than expected in a certain area or group of people. Outbreaks are similar to epidemics but often refer to more localized events.

Question 4

what is phenomonlogy/ how is it collected

Answer 4

study of lived experiences, identify nature of phenomenon. Researcher collects perspectives, then uses strategies to interpret and structure

Question 5

what is a ecological fallacy/ bias

Answer 5

group-level association may not transfer to the individual level

Question 6

case report vs case series

Answer 6

cr- report on one patient, w new symptom
cs- report on group of patients w same new symptoms

Question 7

different data collections methods for qualitative

Answer 7

individual (more in depth), collective (focus group), nominal group (8-12 ppl, scale is developed, then hierarchy), delphi (all online, no limits)

Question 8

what is a longitudinal survey

Answer 8

collects data at diff points in time from same participants

Question 9

issues with case control

Answer 9

recall bias, timing issues, confounding factors

Question 10

what is case study

Answer 10

indivdual, questions become more precise

Question 11

what is grounded theory/ how is it collected

Answer 11

phenomena described in relation to how each person gives meaning to their social interactions, explain social processess

Question 12

is the number of particpants in qualitative data set?

Answer 12

no, can change

Question 13

what are the objectives of a randomized trial

Answer 13

evaluate the effect of a drug or intervention on the course of a disease in a patient population, evaluate the impact in non-ill people

Question 14

what is ethnography/ how is it collected

Answer 14

observe and describe cultures or subcultures, understanding a human group and way of lifeextended observation of groups, may live with study group

Question 15

what is a case control study

Answer 15

cases are compared with control, matching, recruitment based off absence/ presence of outcome, no intervention is done

Question 16

who can be a control?

Answer 16

part of source population, no longer useable after event/death, selected regardless of exposure

Question 17

characteristics of experimental study

Answer 17

parallel, compartive, may be blinded or not, phase one to four clinical trials

Question 18

benefits/disadvantages of randomized clinical trial

Answer 18

b-internal vaidity
d- external valaidity, expensive

Question 19

some issues with ecological studies?

Answer 19

can’t adjust for counfounding factors, complex relationships can be masked

Question 20

common question in ethnography

Answer 20

what are the cultural factors

Question 21

what is a cross-sectional survey

Answer 21

study or survey that examines the relationship
between an exposure and disease at a single point in
time (measures exposure prevalence to disease prevalence)

Question 22

main limitation of cases

Answer 22

“No explicit comparison group” means there is no clearly defined group to compare results against, making it harder to assess the true effect of the studied factor

Question 23

time factors in quantitative studies?

Answer 23

retro/prospective

Question 24

what is a cohort study

Answer 24

ppl exposed compared to not exposed, no intervention, only questioning/ data collection, find who develops condition

Question 25

what is a disease cluster

Answer 25

group of cases of a particular disease that occurs in a specific area or among a specific population over a certain period of time at rates higher than expected

Question 26

sequential exploratory

Answer 26

quali to quanti, understanding of results

Question 27

what is a ecological study

Answer 27

examines rates of disease in realtion to population level factor, examines as a group (country, state, etc)

Question 28

stregth of cross-sectional survey

Answer 28

quick, generalizable

Question 29

stregths of ecological studies

Answer 29

inexpensive, fast, based off avalible data, wide range of exposures, analysis is easy

Question 30

types of experimental studies

Answer 30

before and after trial (one recieves intervention other does not, test before and after), after one trial (one recieves intervention other does not, test after), factorial design (two factors assigned to subjects), crossover trial (subjects randomized to diff seuqneces with treatments)

Question 31

what is a quasi experimental study

Answer 31

researcher controls what and when but not who, control group cannot be randomized, exaime relationships and predict phenomena

Question 32

what is explanatory sequence

Answer 32

quanti to quali, description of results

Question 33

two kinds of qualitative observation

Answer 33

direct and indirect

Question 34

issues with cross sectional survey

Answer 34

problematic when exposure is changeable (i.e weight and exercise), cases picked up tend to only be long duration, not all will be picked up

Question 35

aims of qualitative research

Answer 35

to understand the participants point of view, describe phenomena, classify and structure data

Question 36

what is a mixed design

Answer 36

combines qual/quan methods, driven by Q of research, results need both methods

Question 37

common question in grounded theory

Answer 37

what are the psychosocial factors

Question 38

two kinds of quantitative study

Answer 38

descriptive (count cases, simple studies), analytic/scientific (is there an association)

Question 39

common question in phenomenology

Answer 39

how do you experience this

Question 40

4 kinds of qualitative research

Answer 40

phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, case study

Question 41

transformational simulatenous

Answer 41

quanti+ quali, or quali/quanti