Midterm 1 key terms

Question 1

homologous

Answer 1

similar trait that is from a common ancestor

Question 2

monophyletic

Answer 2

clade

an ancestor and all its decedents

Question 3

paraphyletic

Answer 3

group of descendants but not all of them

Question 4

polyphyletic

Answer 4

group that has similar traits but doesn’t include most common ancestor

Question 5

synapomormy

Answer 5

traits that decedents and their common ancestor have

Question 6

convergent evolution

Answer 6

independent evolution of similar traits

Question 7

ram ventilation

Answer 7

swim with mouth open, forces water through gills

Question 8

buccalpharyngeal pumping

Answer 8

buccal chamber expands bringing water into most, mouth closes forcing water through gills

Question 9

autodiastylic jaw suspension

Answer 9

jaw firmly attached to chondrocranium firmly attached at 2 points

Question 10

amphistylic

Answer 10

upper jaw: anterior attached to chondrocranium , and to hyoid arch posteriorly

looser connection than autodiastylic

Question 11

holostylic

Answer 11

upper jaw fused with cranium

low flex, strong

Question 12

hyostylic

Answer 12

upper jaw attached by ligaments swing

Question 13

dermal bone

Answer 13

not formed from cartilage

Question 14

endochrondral

Answer 14

formed from cartilage

Question 15

buckling

Answer 15

stress on vertebral column from gravity

Question 16

torsion

Answer 16

stress on vertebral column from twisting

Question 17

anapsid

Answer 17

no temporal lobes

Question 18

synapsid

Answer 18

1 pair of temporal lobes

Question 19

diapsid

Answer 19

2 pairs of temporal lobes

Question 20

parts of shark skull

Answer 20

chondrocranium

splanchnocranium

dermatocranium