midterm 1

Question 1

18th C society looked back to Antiquity (the Classical age)
2) deliberate attempt to replace Rococo art & Louis XV’s regime
The Neoclassical style arose from such first-hand observation and reproduction of antique works and came to dominate European architecture, painting, sculpture, and decorative arts.

Answer 1

neo-classicism

Question 2

n the 16th & 17th centuries, a scientific revolution was underway: new ideas began to emerge in science (physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, chemistry, etc.)

• scientific revolution was based on empirical observation and NOT religion, spirituality, metaphysics, or superstition
• this revolution started in the Renaissance -it continued into the 18th in the 18th C, it is called the

Answer 2

iThe Enlightenment

Question 3

(objective representation– though idealized)

Answer 3

naturalism,

Question 4

male (Greek statues): perfection, heroic, in their prime

-balance, symmetry

Answer 4

idealized,

Question 5

the appropriate rendering of a character, action, speech, or scene.

Answer 5

decorum,

Question 6

History painting, often used interchangeably with historical painting,[1] is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style. History paintings usually depict a moment in a narrative story, rather than a specific and static subject, such as a portrait.

Answer 6

history paintings,

Question 7

controlling power over art and controlled by the government

Answer 7

Art Academies

Question 8

Alternately, the Salon (always with a capital “S”) was the official art exhibition sponsored by the art academy

Answer 8

Salons

Question 9

3 brothers getting swords from there father

Answer 9

Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784

Question 10

guy about to drink poison and people looking upset

Answer 10

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Socrates, 1787

Question 11

importance of the individual, the personal, the subjective

2) emphasis on emotion, intuition, and imagination over reason

Answer 11

Romanticism

Question 12

(subject matter mostly accurate but techniques are used to evoke an emotional response)

Answer 12

, realism

Question 13

dude on bed with everyone around freaking out and a horse freaking out

Answer 13

romanticism

Eugéne Delacroix, The Death of Sardanapalus

Question 14

everyone is freaking out and dieting on a raft in a storm on the sea

Answer 14

romanticism

• Theodore Géricault, Raft of the ‘Méduse’

Question 15

napoleon looking like jesus and not caring that people are sick

Answer 15

romanticism

• Antoine-Jean Gros, Napoleon in the Plague House at Jaffa

Question 16

only authentic knowledge comes from what can be perceived with your senses and objectively studied
The impact on the arts: artists directly observing the ordinary, external world & representing it in this way

Answer 16

Positivism,

Question 17

Realism in the arts may be generally defined as the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.

Answer 17

Realism,

Question 18

• images of everyday life: domestic scenes, merrymaking, landscapes -ordinary people and activities are depicted
• subject matter represented in a mostly realistic way

Answer 18

Genre paintings:

Question 19

the visual images and symbols used in a work of art or the study or interpretation of these

Answer 19

iconography,

Question 20

founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt - 2 other members (of the 7)
-John Everett Millais -Dante Gabriel Rossetti
The group’s intention was to reform art by rejecting what it considered the mechanistic approach first adopted by Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo. Its members believed the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art, hence the name “Pre-Raphaelite”

Answer 20

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Question 21

ladies picking in farm field

Answer 21

realism,Jean-Francois Millet, The Gleaners, 1857

Question 22

everyone standing around grave at funeral with priests

Answer 22

Realism• Gustave Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1849-50

Question 23

old ladies one with a baby riding facing back in a carriage

Answer 23

realism • Honoré Daumier, The Third-Class Carriage, 1862

Question 24

hand sketch of painter vs roman. realism vz neo-classicism

Answer 24

realism • Daumier, Battle of the Schools; Classic Idealism vs. Realism, 1855

Question 25

guy and girl with sheep he is making moves on her

Answer 25

Realism

• William Holman Hunt, The Hireling Shepherd, 1851

Question 26

It is a dressed scene involving one or more people that attempts to tell a story in a single image

Answer 26

tableau (pl. tableaux),

Question 27

a type of combination printing

cutting & pasting photos together

Answer 27

collaging,

Question 28

many separate exposures on one piece of photographic paper

Answer 28

multiple exposures

Question 29

two little girls and a guy playing the violin

Answer 29

• Julia Margaret Cameron, Whisper of the Muse, 1864-5

Question 30

ladies carrying bushels of something “picture”

Answer 30

collaging • Henry Peach Robinson, Bringing Home the May, 1862

Question 31

naked women everywhere looks like an orgy

Answer 31

n example of multiple exposures)

Oscar Rejlander, The Two Ways of Life, 1857

Question 32

dude in boat with bundles of hay or straw

Answer 32

naturalism • P. H. Emerson, Ricking the Reed, c.1885

Question 33

two early art photo movements

Answer 33

Pictorialism (Henry Peach Robinson) b. Naturalism (Peter Henry Emerson)
art no longer shackled to being an exact copy of the world

Question 34

recreating a 3 dimensional world on a 2 dimensional space

Answer 34

one-point linear perspective,

Question 35

thick application of paint that makes no attempt to be smooth

Answer 35

impasto,

Question 36

en plein air,

Answer 36

painting outdoors

Question 37

art medium in the form of a stick. powdered pigment and a binder

Answer 37

chalk) pastels,

Question 38

salon of rejected works rejected by the academy

Answer 38

Salon de Refusés,

Question 39

Japonism (from the French Japonisme, first used in 1872[1]) is the influence of the Japanese art, culture, and aesthetics.[2][3] The term is used particularly to refer to Japanese influence on European art, especially in impressionism.[4] In France the term Japonisme refers to a specific French style which mainly found expression in fine arts from 1864

Answer 39

Japonisme,

Question 40

1. Intimate scenes of daily life
2. Flat areas of brilliant solid colours; no shadows
3. Solid colours offset by contour lines/drawing
4. Unusual spatial organization; composition is usually off-centre; space is compressed
5. No concern with perspective (steep & sharply angled views)
   

Answer 40

Characteristics of Japanese woodblock prints

Question 41

sun rising over harber with a little boat

Answer 41

• Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1873

Question 42

chubby naked girl with two bearded men

Answer 42

• Édouard Manet, Le Déjeuner sur l’Herbe, 1863

Question 43

japanese mother bathing a child

Answer 43

• Kitagawa Utamaro, A Mother Bathing her Son, c. 1804

Question 44

lady in blue dress licking an envelope

Answer 44

• Mary Cassatt, The Letter, 1891

Question 45

s about
“truth to the artist’s visual experience” and NOT visual accuracy of Impressionism
-capturing movement
-subjects turned into patches of colour & light -specific techniques
-choice of subject matter
Capturing movement
2. Use of colour & light
3. Specific techniques
a) Working quickly; impasto
b) Unmixed colour
c) Wet paint applied to wet paint d) Working en plain air

Answer 45

Impressionism i