midterm 1 Flashcards
18th C society looked back to Antiquity (the Classical age)
2) deliberate attempt to replace Rococo art & Louis XV’s regime
The Neoclassical style arose from such first-hand observation and reproduction of antique works and came to dominate European architecture, painting, sculpture, and decorative arts.
neo-classicism
n the 16th & 17th centuries, a scientific revolution was underway: new ideas began to emerge in science (physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, chemistry, etc.)
- scientific revolution was based on empirical observation and NOT religion, spirituality, metaphysics, or superstition
- this revolution started in the Renaissance -it continued into the 18th in the 18th C, it is called the
iThe Enlightenment
(objective representation– though idealized)
naturalism,
male (Greek statues): perfection, heroic, in their prime
-balance, symmetry
idealized,
the appropriate rendering of a character, action, speech, or scene.
decorum,
History painting, often used interchangeably with historical painting,[1] is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style. History paintings usually depict a moment in a narrative story, rather than a specific and static subject, such as a portrait.
history paintings,
controlling power over art and controlled by the government
Art Academies
Alternately, the Salon (always with a capital “S”) was the official art exhibition sponsored by the art academy
Salons
3 brothers getting swords from there father
Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784
guy about to drink poison and people looking upset
Jacques-Louis David, Death of Socrates, 1787
importance of the individual, the personal, the subjective
2) emphasis on emotion, intuition, and imagination over reason
Romanticism
(subject matter mostly accurate but techniques are used to evoke an emotional response)
, realism
dude on bed with everyone around freaking out and a horse freaking out
romanticism
Eugéne Delacroix, The Death of Sardanapalus
everyone is freaking out and dieting on a raft in a storm on the sea
romanticism
• Theodore Géricault, Raft of the ‘Méduse’
napoleon looking like jesus and not caring that people are sick
romanticism
• Antoine-Jean Gros, Napoleon in the Plague House at Jaffa
only authentic knowledge comes from what can be perceived with your senses and objectively studied
The impact on the arts: artists directly observing the ordinary, external world & representing it in this way
Positivism,
Realism in the arts may be generally defined as the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.
Realism,
- images of everyday life: domestic scenes, merrymaking, landscapes -ordinary people and activities are depicted
- subject matter represented in a mostly realistic way
Genre paintings:
the visual images and symbols used in a work of art or the study or interpretation of these
iconography,
founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt - 2 other members (of the 7)
-John Everett Millais -Dante Gabriel Rossetti
The group’s intention was to reform art by rejecting what it considered the mechanistic approach first adopted by Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo. Its members believed the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art, hence the name “Pre-Raphaelite”
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
ladies picking in farm field
realism,Jean-Francois Millet, The Gleaners, 1857
everyone standing around grave at funeral with priests
Realism• Gustave Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1849-50
old ladies one with a baby riding facing back in a carriage
realism • Honoré Daumier, The Third-Class Carriage, 1862
hand sketch of painter vs roman. realism vz neo-classicism
realism • Daumier, Battle of the Schools; Classic Idealism vs. Realism, 1855
guy and girl with sheep he is making moves on her
Realism
• William Holman Hunt, The Hireling Shepherd, 1851
It is a dressed scene involving one or more people that attempts to tell a story in a single image
tableau (pl. tableaux),
a type of combination printing
cutting & pasting photos together
collaging,
many separate exposures on one piece of photographic paper
multiple exposures
two little girls and a guy playing the violin
• Julia Margaret Cameron, Whisper of the Muse, 1864-5
ladies carrying bushels of something “picture”
collaging • Henry Peach Robinson, Bringing Home the May, 1862
naked women everywhere looks like an orgy
n example of multiple exposures)
Oscar Rejlander, The Two Ways of Life, 1857
dude in boat with bundles of hay or straw
naturalism • P. H. Emerson, Ricking the Reed, c.1885
two early art photo movements
Pictorialism (Henry Peach Robinson) b. Naturalism (Peter Henry Emerson)
art no longer shackled to being an exact copy of the world
recreating a 3 dimensional world on a 2 dimensional space
one-point linear perspective,
thick application of paint that makes no attempt to be smooth
impasto,
en plein air,
painting outdoors
art medium in the form of a stick. powdered pigment and a binder
chalk) pastels,
salon of rejected works rejected by the academy
Salon de Refusés,
Japonism (from the French Japonisme, first used in 1872[1]) is the influence of the Japanese art, culture, and aesthetics.[2][3] The term is used particularly to refer to Japanese influence on European art, especially in impressionism.[4] In France the term Japonisme refers to a specific French style which mainly found expression in fine arts from 1864
Japonisme,
- Intimate scenes of daily life
- Flat areas of brilliant solid colours; no shadows
- Solid colours offset by contour lines/drawing
- Unusual spatial organization; composition is usually off-centre; space is compressed
- No concern with perspective (steep & sharply angled views)

Characteristics of Japanese woodblock prints
sun rising over harber with a little boat
• Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1873
chubby naked girl with two bearded men
• Édouard Manet, Le Déjeuner sur l’Herbe, 1863
japanese mother bathing a child
• Kitagawa Utamaro, A Mother Bathing her Son, c. 1804
lady in blue dress licking an envelope
• Mary Cassatt, The Letter, 1891
s about
“truth to the artist’s visual experience” and NOT visual accuracy of Impressionism
-capturing movement
-subjects turned into patches of colour & light -specific techniques
-choice of subject matter
Capturing movement
2. Use of colour & light
3. Specific techniques
a) Working quickly; impasto
b) Unmixed colour
c) Wet paint applied to wet paint d) Working en plain air
Impressionism i
