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art 180 > health 110 test 2 disorders > Flashcards

health 110 test 2 disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mental Illness Defined..

A

.
“alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour (or a combination of these) associated with significant distress, dysfunction, and impaired functioning

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2
Q

endogenous

A

biochemical origin

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3
Q

exogenous

A

external event

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4
Q

categories of mental health disorders

A

Mood Disorders
◦ Clinical Depression ◦ Bipolar Disorder
◦ SAD

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5
Q

clinical depression

A

caused by environmental conditions

  • excoginogist-trauma is the cause - external event
  • biochemical imbalance in neurotransmitters-genetic or substance use(chicken or the egg)
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6
Q

symptoms

A
  • fatigue
  • sleep- too much or insomnia
  • loss of appetite
  • libido loss
  • loss of activity or too much
  • nonspecific pain
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7
Q

who is more at risk of depression?

A
  • minorities
  • women
  • seniors
  • people with chronic illness
  • teenagers
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8
Q

how to diagnose it?

A

5 or more symptoms for 2 or more weeks

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9
Q

treatment

A
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10
Q

exogenous vs endogenous

A
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11
Q

Substance Use and Depression

A

• Strong relationship between substance use
and depression
• Alcohol
• Depressive symptoms common in withdrawal
from substance use eg. cocaine, crystal meth
• When brain is repairing itself from damage of
alcohol or drug use, often symptoms of depression are experienced

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12
Q

seasonal effective disorder

A

Causes

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13
Q

anxiety disorders

A

isorders characterized by persistent feelings of threat and anxiety in coping with everyday problems.
Major types:

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14
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

Excessive worry and anxiety which interferes with daily life

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15
Q

social anxiety

A

Excessive fear of embarrassment/humiliation or being evaluated negatively by other people

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16
Q

PTSD

A

Potential reaction to severe trauma

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17
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Obsessions – unwanted ideas, thoughts, images, impulses that occur over and over again and create discomfort or distress (anxiety, guilt, shame)

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18
Q

panic disorder

A

In a spontaneous panic attack, your body goes through exactly the same physiological fight/flight reaction that it does in a truly life-threatening situation.
Symptoms:

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19
Q

schizophrenia

A

Biological brain disease

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20
Q

anorexia

A

Fear of weight gain

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21
Q

bulimia

A

Eating a lot of food in a short period of time

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22
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

Eatalotoffoodinashortperiodoftimeona regular basis

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23
Q

psychosis

A

Delusions & hallucinations

24
Q

addiction

A

• “A persistent, compulsive dependence on a behaviour or substance”.
• Generally, when addiction is present: – Academic or work performance declines – Relationships deteriorate
– Financial hardships develop
– Negative effects on physical and mental health

25
Q

Look for at least 3 of these behaviours:

A
  • Excessive use of a substance or behaviour over a longer period than intended
  • A persistent desire,unsuccessful effort to cut down
  • Spends great deal of time getting or using the substance
  • Frequently too intoxicated to fulfill major obligations
  • Gives up regular activities to use substance
  • Develops physical tolerance
  • Exhibits withdrawal when not using
  • Uses substance to relieve or avoid withdrawal
26
Q

physiology of addiction

A

Biochemicalmessengers:neurotransmitters
• Dopamine–thebrain’srewardsystem
• Addicts’brainsshowdifferencesfrompeople with no addictions
– Changes in gene expression
– Changes within and between parts of the brain – Levels of neurotransmitters and receptors (esp.
dopamine)
• Thesechangescanoccurasaresultofaddiction or have been there all along.

27
Q

which came first?

A

Dosomepeopledevelopaddictionbecause they have “reward deficiency syndrome” (decreased dopamine) OR:
• Dopeoplewithaddictionhavelowdopamine because they have “burned out” their pleasure centers?

28
Q

the 5 C’s

A

Achronicprogressivediseasecharacterizedby the following physical and psychological symptoms:
• Craving
• Compulsion
• Loss of Control
• Continued use despite consequences, and
• Chronic use

29
Q

canadas low risk drinking guidelines

A
  • Reducelong-termhealthrisksbydrinkingnomore than 10 drinks a week for women or 15 drinks per week for men and avoid drinking on some days each week.
  • Reduceriskofinjuryandharmbydrinkingnomore than 3 drinks (for women) or 4 drinks (for men) on any single occasion.
  • Donotdrinkinsituationswhereanyimpairment reduces ability to function (eg. When driving)
  • Childrenandyouthshoulddelaydrinkinguntillate teens, and never drink more than 2 drinks (for girls) and 3 drinks (for boys).
30
Q

b inge drinking

A

5 or more for males
• 4 or more for females
• A binge is a pattern of drinking alcohol that brings BAC concentration to .08 or above in about 2 hours.
• The express purpose of binge drinking is to become intoxicated.

31
Q

BAC

A

BAC: ratio of alcohol to total blood volume.
• People can acquire physiological and psychological tolerance to the effects of alcohol
• Depends on:
– Amount consumed in a given time
– The drinker’s size, sex, body build and metabolism – The type and amount of food in the stomach

32
Q

carbonation in drinks

A

Carbonation in the alcoholic beverage or mixed with the alcohol beverage increases BAC significantly.
• CO2 speeds the alcohol through the stomach and intestine into the blood stream, causing a rapid rise in BAC

33
Q

angina

A

chest pain-possible blockage in the heart

  • pain down arm
  • jaw,neck and upper shoulder pain
34
Q

two types of angina

A

stable-pretictable symtoms-during physical activity
-stress,anxious or emotional
—control with medication
unstable-unpredictable-may happen out of the blue-not managed with meds-lasts 10 to 20min

35
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

umbrella term

-functioning of the heart-blockage-tissue not getting enough o2

36
Q

atherosclerosis

A

narrowing or hardening of arteries
loss of elasticity
plaque
age relatedProgressivecondition– - results in loss of elasticity

37
Q

hyprtension

A

Chronic high blood pressure

38
Q

coronary artery disease

A

Myocardial Infarction (MI): blocked/severely restricted blood flow

39
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

blocked/severely restricted blood flow

40
Q

warning signs of a MI

A

Chestpain:pressure,squeezing,fullnessorpain, burning, heaviness

41
Q

congestive heart failure

A

Heart muscle is damaged/overworked

42
Q

stroke

A

CerebralVascularAccident(CVA)

43
Q

is it a stroke?

A

face
arm
speech
time

44
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for CVD

A

genes
age
gender

45
Q

Major, Modifiable Risk Factors for CVD

A

cholesterol
physical inactivity
smoking
hypertension

46
Q

minor modifiable risk factors for CVD

A

diabetes
obesity
stress

47
Q

diabetes

A

Insulin: hormone produced by the pancreas which helps glucose get into the cells where it is converted into energy

48
Q

why is type 2 diabetes increasing?

A

The population is aging

49
Q

type 1 vs type 2

A

Type I Diabetes
Results from β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency
5-10% of all cases
Formerly called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile onset diabetes
Type II Diabetes
Results from progressive insulin secretory defect on background of insulin resistance
90-95% of all cases
Formerly called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset

50
Q

secondary complications of diabetes

A

heart disease, stroke

51
Q

signs and symptoms of diabetes

A

Increasedthirstandurination

52
Q

signs of hypoglycaemia

A

Shaky

53
Q

management of diabetes

A

Type1

54
Q

exercise and type 2 diabetes

A

regularexerciseimprovessensitivitytoinsulin→ improved control of plasma glucose

55
Q

what is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

56
Q

what causes cancer?

A

External factors:

art 180 (5 decks)

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