health 110 test 2 disorders Flashcards
Mental Illness Defined..
.
“alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour (or a combination of these) associated with significant distress, dysfunction, and impaired functioning
endogenous
biochemical origin
exogenous
external event
categories of mental health disorders
Mood Disorders
◦ Clinical Depression ◦ Bipolar Disorder
◦ SAD
clinical depression
caused by environmental conditions
- excoginogist-trauma is the cause - external event
- biochemical imbalance in neurotransmitters-genetic or substance use(chicken or the egg)
symptoms
- fatigue
- sleep- too much or insomnia
- loss of appetite
- libido loss
- loss of activity or too much
- nonspecific pain
who is more at risk of depression?
- minorities
- women
- seniors
- people with chronic illness
- teenagers
how to diagnose it?
5 or more symptoms for 2 or more weeks
treatment
exogenous vs endogenous
Substance Use and Depression
• Strong relationship between substance use
and depression
• Alcohol
• Depressive symptoms common in withdrawal
from substance use eg. cocaine, crystal meth
• When brain is repairing itself from damage of
alcohol or drug use, often symptoms of depression are experienced
seasonal effective disorder
Causes
anxiety disorders
isorders characterized by persistent feelings of threat and anxiety in coping with everyday problems.
Major types:
generalized anxiety disorder
Excessive worry and anxiety which interferes with daily life
social anxiety
Excessive fear of embarrassment/humiliation or being evaluated negatively by other people
PTSD
Potential reaction to severe trauma
obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessions – unwanted ideas, thoughts, images, impulses that occur over and over again and create discomfort or distress (anxiety, guilt, shame)
panic disorder
In a spontaneous panic attack, your body goes through exactly the same physiological fight/flight reaction that it does in a truly life-threatening situation.
Symptoms:
schizophrenia
Biological brain disease
anorexia
Fear of weight gain
bulimia
Eating a lot of food in a short period of time
binge-eating disorder
Eatalotoffoodinashortperiodoftimeona regular basis
psychosis
Delusions & hallucinations
addiction
• “A persistent, compulsive dependence on a behaviour or substance”.
• Generally, when addiction is present: – Academic or work performance declines – Relationships deteriorate
– Financial hardships develop
– Negative effects on physical and mental health
Look for at least 3 of these behaviours:
- Excessive use of a substance or behaviour over a longer period than intended
- A persistent desire,unsuccessful effort to cut down
- Spends great deal of time getting or using the substance
- Frequently too intoxicated to fulfill major obligations
- Gives up regular activities to use substance
- Develops physical tolerance
- Exhibits withdrawal when not using
- Uses substance to relieve or avoid withdrawal
physiology of addiction
Biochemicalmessengers:neurotransmitters
• Dopamine–thebrain’srewardsystem
• Addicts’brainsshowdifferencesfrompeople with no addictions
– Changes in gene expression
– Changes within and between parts of the brain – Levels of neurotransmitters and receptors (esp.
dopamine)
• Thesechangescanoccurasaresultofaddiction or have been there all along.
which came first?
Dosomepeopledevelopaddictionbecause they have “reward deficiency syndrome” (decreased dopamine) OR:
• Dopeoplewithaddictionhavelowdopamine because they have “burned out” their pleasure centers?
the 5 C’s
Achronicprogressivediseasecharacterizedby the following physical and psychological symptoms:
• Craving
• Compulsion
• Loss of Control
• Continued use despite consequences, and
• Chronic use
canadas low risk drinking guidelines
- Reducelong-termhealthrisksbydrinkingnomore than 10 drinks a week for women or 15 drinks per week for men and avoid drinking on some days each week.
- Reduceriskofinjuryandharmbydrinkingnomore than 3 drinks (for women) or 4 drinks (for men) on any single occasion.
- Donotdrinkinsituationswhereanyimpairment reduces ability to function (eg. When driving)
- Childrenandyouthshoulddelaydrinkinguntillate teens, and never drink more than 2 drinks (for girls) and 3 drinks (for boys).
b inge drinking
5 or more for males
• 4 or more for females
• A binge is a pattern of drinking alcohol that brings BAC concentration to .08 or above in about 2 hours.
• The express purpose of binge drinking is to become intoxicated.
BAC
BAC: ratio of alcohol to total blood volume.
• People can acquire physiological and psychological tolerance to the effects of alcohol
• Depends on:
– Amount consumed in a given time
– The drinker’s size, sex, body build and metabolism – The type and amount of food in the stomach
carbonation in drinks
Carbonation in the alcoholic beverage or mixed with the alcohol beverage increases BAC significantly.
• CO2 speeds the alcohol through the stomach and intestine into the blood stream, causing a rapid rise in BAC
angina
chest pain-possible blockage in the heart
- pain down arm
- jaw,neck and upper shoulder pain
two types of angina
stable-pretictable symtoms-during physical activity
-stress,anxious or emotional
—control with medication
unstable-unpredictable-may happen out of the blue-not managed with meds-lasts 10 to 20min
cardiovascular disease
umbrella term
-functioning of the heart-blockage-tissue not getting enough o2
atherosclerosis
narrowing or hardening of arteries
loss of elasticity
plaque
age relatedProgressivecondition– - results in loss of elasticity
hyprtension
Chronic high blood pressure
coronary artery disease
Myocardial Infarction (MI): blocked/severely restricted blood flow
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
blocked/severely restricted blood flow
warning signs of a MI
Chestpain:pressure,squeezing,fullnessorpain, burning, heaviness
congestive heart failure
Heart muscle is damaged/overworked
stroke
CerebralVascularAccident(CVA)
is it a stroke?
face
arm
speech
time
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for CVD
genes
age
gender
Major, Modifiable Risk Factors for CVD
cholesterol
physical inactivity
smoking
hypertension
minor modifiable risk factors for CVD
diabetes
obesity
stress
diabetes
Insulin: hormone produced by the pancreas which helps glucose get into the cells where it is converted into energy
why is type 2 diabetes increasing?
The population is aging
type 1 vs type 2
Type I Diabetes
Results from β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency
5-10% of all cases
Formerly called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile onset diabetes
Type II Diabetes
Results from progressive insulin secretory defect on background of insulin resistance
90-95% of all cases
Formerly called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset
secondary complications of diabetes
heart disease, stroke
signs and symptoms of diabetes
Increasedthirstandurination
signs of hypoglycaemia
Shaky
management of diabetes
Type1
exercise and type 2 diabetes
regularexerciseimprovessensitivitytoinsulin→ improved control of plasma glucose
what is cancer?
Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
what causes cancer?
External factors:
