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BIO321 Mammalogy > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Big 4 characteristics of mammals

A

hair, milk, endothermy, viviparous

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2
Q

Bearing live young

A

viviparous

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3
Q

Single lower jaw bone

A

dentary

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4
Q

Fusion of ______ at maturity results in determinant growth

A

bony epiphyses

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5
Q

Subclass prototheria = _____

A

monotremes

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6
Q

Metatheria = _______

A

marsupials

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7
Q

Eutheria = ________

A

placentals

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8
Q

How many orders of mammals are there?

A

27

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9
Q

How many species of mammals are there?

A

6500

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10
Q

2 Infra-class of Theria are

A

metatheria and eutheria

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11
Q

Top 3 speciose orders are

A

Rodentia, Chiroptera, Artiodactyla

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12
Q

Features of Prototheria (Monotremes)

A

basal mammals, lay leathery eggs, cloaca, secrete milk but lack nipples, adults lose dentition

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13
Q

Features of Metatheria (Marsupials)

A

pouches, epipubic bones, viviparous but young very altricial

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14
Q

Oposssum is in the order

A

didelphimorphia

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15
Q

Features of Eutheria (Placentals)

A

viviparous, higher body temp, reduced bones in pelvic girdle

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16
Q

Features of rodentia

A

consistently growing incisors, diastema

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17
Q

Features of megachiroptera

A

fruit eaters, simple face, no echolocation

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18
Q

Features of microchiroptera

A

small, ornate muzzles, echolocation, diverse diet

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19
Q

Hedgehogs, moles and shrews belong to which order?

A

Eulipotyphla

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20
Q

Whales and dolphins belong to which order?

A

cetacea

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21
Q

Approximate percentage of Rodentia

A

40%

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22
Q

Number of mammal species

A

6500

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23
Q

Order of bats

A

chiroptera

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24
Q

Even-toed ungulates

A

Artiodactyla

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25
Q

Features of Artiodactyla

A

fusion of cannon bone, increased cursorial ability, mostly vegetarian, mostly ruminant

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26
Q

features of cetacea

A

fully aquatic, fusiform body, forelimbs modified into paddles, secondarily homodont or edentate

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27
Q

Which order do shrews, moles and hedgehogs belong to?

A

Eulipotyphla

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28
Q

Which order has carnassial dentition?

A

carnivora

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29
Q

Which order do rabbits belong to?

A

lagomorpha

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30
Q

Features of lagomorpha

A

fenestrated skull, 2 sets of incisors, diastema, reduced tail

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31
Q

Odd-toed ungulates

A

Perissodactyla

32
Q

Features of primates

A

stereoscopic vision, omnivores, wide range of locomotion, opposable thumb

33
Q

Creator of first tree-like evolutionary diagram

A

Ernst Haeckl

34
Q

A trait that is shared between lineages due to their common ancestry

A

symplesiomorphy

35
Q

A trait that differs between lineages due to changes that have occurred since the most recent common ancestor

A

synapomorphies

36
Q

A group descended from the most recent common ancestor. The ancestor and all its descendants, but no other lineages or taxa. (a valid lineage)

A

monophyletic

37
Q

A group that includes some but not all of the descendants of their common ancestor. (Only part, but not all, of an otherwise monophyletic group.) (not a valid lineage)

A

paraphyletic

38
Q

A group containing taxa that do not all share the most recent common ancestor. A grouping of multiple lineages, not including their common ancestor. (not a valid lineage)

A

polyphyletic

39
Q

3 eras of multicellular life

A

paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic

40
Q

true mammals present ~200 mya (mid-Jurassic)

A

crown mammalia

41
Q

three major radiation events for mammals

A

breakup of pangea, diversification of plants, dinosaur extinction

42
Q

maintain relatively constant internal body temperature

A

homeothermy

43
Q

vary body temp with environmental temp

A

heterothermy

44
Q

need some external source of warmth or energy to warm up

A

ectothermy

45
Q

ability for an organism to generate body heat through metabolic activity

A

endothermy

46
Q

Temperatures where constant metabolic rate is maintained

A

thermal neutral zone

47
Q

Larger mass makes thermal neutral zone ____

A

wider

48
Q

3 key factors in selection of diet

A

how easy to acquire, how easy to digest, how nutritious is it?

49
Q

What type of fermentors are cows and sheep?

A

Foregut fermenters - ruminants

50
Q

What type of fermenters are horses and rhinos?

A

hindgut fermenters

51
Q

Eating own feces to extract more nutrients

A

coprophagy

52
Q

What tissue is metabolized to rapidly produce heat?

A

brown adipose tissue

53
Q

Rule that says extremities diminished in colder areas to reduce ratio of SA to volume. Expanded extremities in warm areas to shed heat

A

Allen’s rule

54
Q

Rule that says animals in cold areas have larger body mass than their conspecifics in warmer areas

A

Bergmann’s rule

55
Q

Allowing extremities to get cold but maintain warm core

A

regional heterothermy

56
Q

warm blood leaves core, veins and arteries grow closer together in limbs so cooler blood warmed up by direct contact with warm blood leaving heart

A

countercurrent heat exchange

57
Q

intertwined veins and arteries is called

A

rete mirable

58
Q

cooling whole body

A

temporal hypothermia

59
Q

reduction in metabolic rate on a daily basis in response to lack of food or low temperature

A

daily torpor

60
Q

Interior air temperature is colder than the surrounding ground temperature, creating a thermal gradient. This gives hibernating bats a range of options.

A

chimney effect

61
Q

A round-trip journey between two discrete home ranges not used at other times of the year

A

migration

62
Q

staying in a single home range year-round

A

range residency

63
Q

irregular, persistent and wide-ranging movements

A

nomadism

64
Q

all individuals within a population migrate every year

A

obligate migration

65
Q

all individuals within a population migrate some years but not others

A

facultative migration (response to environmental cues)

66
Q

some individuals within a population migrate but others do not

A

partial migration

67
Q

some individuals within a population migrate but others do not

A

partial migration

68
Q

Spend summers at higher elevations and migrate down in winter

A

elevational migration

69
Q

Order of kangaroos and koalas

A

diprotodontia

70
Q

order of marsupial carnivores

A

dasyuromorphia

71
Q

How many species of monotremes are there?

A

5

72
Q

Where are monotremes found?

A

Australia and New Guinea

73
Q

Approximate marsupial species

A

380

74
Q

Where are marsupials found?

A

Australian and Central/South America

75
Q

How many mammalian orders in CA including humans?

A

9

BIO321 Mammalogy (11 decks)

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