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BIO321 Mammalogy > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Big 4 characteristics of mammals

A

hair, milk, endothermy, viviparous

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2
Q

Bearing live young

A

viviparous

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3
Q

Single lower jaw bone

A

dentary

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4
Q

Fusion of ______ at maturity results in determinant growth

A

bony epiphyses

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5
Q

Subclass prototheria = _____

A

monotremes

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6
Q

Metatheria = _______

A

marsupials

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7
Q

Eutheria = ________

A

placentals

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8
Q

How many orders of mammals are there?

A

27

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9
Q

How many species of mammals are there?

A

6500

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10
Q

2 Infra-class of Theria are

A

metatheria and eutheria

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11
Q

Top 3 speciose orders are

A

Rodentia, Chiroptera, Artiodactyla

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12
Q

Features of Prototheria (Monotremes)

A

basal mammals, lay leathery eggs, cloaca, secrete milk but lack nipples, adults lose dentition

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13
Q

Features of Metatheria (Marsupials)

A

pouches, epipubic bones, viviparous but young very altricial

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14
Q

Oposssum is in the order

A

didelphimorphia

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15
Q

Features of Eutheria (Placentals)

A

viviparous, higher body temp, reduced bones in pelvic girdle

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16
Q

Features of rodentia

A

consistently growing incisors, diastema

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17
Q

Features of megachiroptera

A

fruit eaters, simple face, no echolocation

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18
Q

Features of microchiroptera

A

small, ornate muzzles, echolocation, diverse diet

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19
Q

Hedgehogs, moles and shrews belong to which order?

A

Eulipotyphla

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20
Q

Whales and dolphins belong to which order?

A

cetacea

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21
Q

Approximate percentage of Rodentia

A

40%

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22
Q

Number of mammal species

A

6500

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23
Q

Order of bats

A

chiroptera

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24
Q

Even-toed ungulates

A

Artiodactyla

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25
Features of Artiodactyla
fusion of cannon bone, increased cursorial ability, mostly vegetarian, mostly ruminant
26
features of cetacea
fully aquatic, fusiform body, forelimbs modified into paddles, secondarily homodont or edentate
27
Which order do shrews, moles and hedgehogs belong to?
Eulipotyphla
28
Which order has carnassial dentition?
carnivora
29
Which order do rabbits belong to?
lagomorpha
30
Features of lagomorpha
fenestrated skull, 2 sets of incisors, diastema, reduced tail
31
Odd-toed ungulates
Perissodactyla
32
Features of primates
stereoscopic vision, omnivores, wide range of locomotion, opposable thumb
33
Creator of first tree-like evolutionary diagram
Ernst Haeckl
34
A trait that is shared between lineages due to their common ancestry
symplesiomorphy
35
A trait that differs between lineages due to changes that have occurred since the most recent common ancestor
synapomorphies
36
A group descended from the most recent common ancestor. The ancestor and all its descendants, but no other lineages or taxa. (a valid lineage)
monophyletic
37
A group that includes some but not all of the descendants of their common ancestor. (Only part, but not all, of an otherwise monophyletic group.) (not a valid lineage)
paraphyletic
38
A group containing taxa that do not all share the most recent common ancestor. A grouping of multiple lineages, not including their common ancestor. (not a valid lineage)
polyphyletic
39
3 eras of multicellular life
paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic
40
true mammals present ~200 mya (mid-Jurassic)
crown mammalia
41
three major radiation events for mammals
breakup of pangea, diversification of plants, dinosaur extinction
42
maintain relatively constant internal body temperature
homeothermy
43
vary body temp with environmental temp
heterothermy
44
need some external source of warmth or energy to warm up
ectothermy
45
ability for an organism to generate body heat through metabolic activity
endothermy
46
Temperatures where constant metabolic rate is maintained
thermal neutral zone
47
Larger mass makes thermal neutral zone ____
wider
48
3 key factors in selection of diet
how easy to acquire, how easy to digest, how nutritious is it?
49
What type of fermentors are cows and sheep?
Foregut fermenters - ruminants
50
What type of fermenters are horses and rhinos?
hindgut fermenters
51
Eating own feces to extract more nutrients
coprophagy
52
What tissue is metabolized to rapidly produce heat?
brown adipose tissue
53
Rule that says extremities diminished in colder areas to reduce ratio of SA to volume. Expanded extremities in warm areas to shed heat
Allen's rule
54
Rule that says animals in cold areas have larger body mass than their conspecifics in warmer areas
Bergmann's rule
55
Allowing extremities to get cold but maintain warm core
regional heterothermy
56
warm blood leaves core, veins and arteries grow closer together in limbs so cooler blood warmed up by direct contact with warm blood leaving heart
countercurrent heat exchange
57
intertwined veins and arteries is called
rete mirable
58
cooling whole body
temporal hypothermia
59
reduction in metabolic rate on a daily basis in response to lack of food or low temperature
daily torpor
60
Interior air temperature is colder than the surrounding ground temperature, creating a thermal gradient. This gives hibernating bats a range of options.
chimney effect
61
A round-trip journey between two discrete home ranges not used at other times of the year
migration
62
staying in a single home range year-round
range residency
63
irregular, persistent and wide-ranging movements
nomadism
64
all individuals within a population migrate every year
obligate migration
65
all individuals within a population migrate some years but not others
facultative migration (response to environmental cues)
66
some individuals within a population migrate but others do not
partial migration
67
some individuals within a population migrate but others do not
partial migration
68
Spend summers at higher elevations and migrate down in winter
elevational migration
69
Order of kangaroos and koalas
diprotodontia
70
order of marsupial carnivores
dasyuromorphia
71
How many species of monotremes are there?
5
72
Where are monotremes found?
Australia and New Guinea
73
Approximate marsupial species
380
74
Where are marsupials found?
Australian and Central/South America
75
How many mammalian orders in CA including humans?
9

BIO321 Mammalogy (11 decks)

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