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BIO321 Mammalogy > Lab 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Lab 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hair is strengthened by _______?

A

keratin

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2
Q

Hair is rooted in a __________?

A

follicle

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3
Q

What type of muscle does hair have?

A

arrector pili muscle

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4
Q

3 layers of hair

A

medula (center), cortex, cuticle

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5
Q

What is pelage?

A

coat of hair

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6
Q

Gland that secretes oil

A

sebaceous gland

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7
Q

Long hair, protection and coloration

A

guard hair

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8
Q

Soft, shorter hair next to skin for thermal insulation

A

underfur

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9
Q

Whiskers used in tactile sensation, encased in blood sinus that amplifies movement

A

vibrissae

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10
Q

Produces brown/black coloration

A

eumelanin

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11
Q

Produces orange/red coloration

A

pheomelanin

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12
Q

The cycle of replacing pelage

A

molt

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13
Q

Mammals with dark dorsal surface but light colored abdomens

A

countershading

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14
Q

Individuals with excess eumelanin

A

melanistic

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15
Q

Individuals with excess pheomelanin

A

erythristic

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16
Q

Individuals that lack all melanin

A

albino

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17
Q

Individuals with reduced melanin

A

leucistic

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18
Q

Blotchy patterns of white and dark hair

A

piebald

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19
Q

Species that match their background

A

cryptic

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20
Q

Bold color patterns
such as stripes and spots that break up the outline of an animal

A

disruptive

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21
Q

Dark-bodied animals with white patches that usually are hidden but are intentionally exposed during a specific behavior

A

flash coloration

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22
Q

Where the hair base and shaft are melanistic (dark) and the tip is white

A

frosted

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23
Q

The hair has multiple bands of coloration

A

agouti

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24
Q

A dorso-lateral (top and sides) wrapping of keratin around the proximal bone of the digit

A

claw

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25
Q

Covers only the dorsal surface of the digit, leaving the tip and plantar surfaces exposed and often highly innervated for sensitive touch

A

nail

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26
Q

Plates of keratin found on armadillos and pangolins

A

scutes

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27
Q

Have a keratin sheath covering a
bony core emerging from the skull

A

horns

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28
Q

Covered with skin as they
grow; once grown the skin dies and is shed, leaving the exposed bone

A

antlers

29
Q

Feather-like plates in the mouths of filter-feeding whales

A

baleen

30
Q

Bones of the digits

A

phalanges

31
Q

Most bones are paired due to

A

bilateral symmetry

32
Q

A hole or channel through one or more bones to allow passage of nerves, muscles or blood vessels

A

foramen

33
Q

A structure emerging from a bone for the attachment of muscles, tendons, or other tissues

A

process

34
Q

A depression into the bone’s surface, likewise usually to allow muscle attachment to be perpendicular to the bone’s surface

A

fossa

35
Q

Axial skeleton in comprised of

A

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

36
Q

5 types of vertebrae

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

37
Q

C1 vertebrae is called

A

atlas, has no spinous process or centrum

38
Q

C2 vertebrae

A

axis

39
Q

3 components or forelimb

A

humerus, radius, ulna

40
Q

Extension of the ulna which forms the elbow

A

olecranon process

41
Q

Manus is comprised of

A

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

42
Q

The kneecap is called

A

patella

43
Q

Pes is comprised of

A

tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

44
Q

Allows for articulation of the forelimb with the axial skeleton

A

pectoral girdle

45
Q

Attaches the hind limb to the sacral vertebrae of the spine

A

pelvic girdle

46
Q

3 bones of the pelvis

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

47
Q

Marsupials and monotremes have an additional pair of pelvic bones which point anteriorly from the pubis

A

epipubic bones

48
Q

Penis bone

A

baculum

49
Q

If the entire foot (including the heel and all the digits) contacts the substrate, then the footfall pattern is

A

plantigrade

50
Q

Animals that walk are called

A

ambulatory

51
Q

Animals that stride off the tips of their digits

A

digitigrade

52
Q

Animals that run are called

A

cursorial

53
Q

These animals literally stand
on an enlarged nail (hoof) that covers the tip of the toe(s)

A

unguligrade

54
Q

Animals that can sustain runs for long periods of time

A

cursorial stayers

55
Q

climbing in trees

A

scansorial

56
Q

burrowing

A

fossorial

57
Q

bipedal hopping

A

saltatory

58
Q

gliding and flying

A

volant

59
Q

Causes loss of guard hairs but not underfur

A

Samson mutation

60
Q

Long and stiff guard hairs that are still bendable

A

spines

61
Q

Long and stiff guard hairs that are usually hollow inside and can break

A

quills

62
Q

Which type of vertebrae has no centrum

A

atlas (C1)

63
Q

Which type of vertebrae has rib facets?

A

thoracic

64
Q

Which type of vertebrae has transverse foramen and bifid spinous process?

A

cervical

65
Q

Which vertebrae has a neural spine?

A

axis (C2)

66
Q

Which vertebrae are generally fused?

A

sacral

67
Q

Which vertebrae are in the tail?

A

caudal

68
Q

The rounded head of the humerus articulates with the ________ of the scapula

A

glenoid fossa

BIO321 Mammalogy (11 decks)

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