Lab 1 and 2

Question 1

Hair is strengthened by _______?

Answer 1

keratin

Question 2

Hair is rooted in a __________?

Answer 2

follicle

Question 3

What type of muscle does hair have?

Answer 3

arrector pili muscle

Question 4

3 layers of hair

Answer 4

medula (center), cortex, cuticle

Question 5

What is pelage?

Answer 5

coat of hair

Question 6

Gland that secretes oil

Answer 6

sebaceous gland

Question 7

Long hair, protection and coloration

Answer 7

guard hair

Question 8

Soft, shorter hair next to skin for thermal insulation

Answer 8

underfur

Question 9

Whiskers used in tactile sensation, encased in blood sinus that amplifies movement

Answer 9

vibrissae

Question 10

Produces brown/black coloration

Answer 10

eumelanin

Question 11

Produces orange/red coloration

Answer 11

pheomelanin

Question 12

The cycle of replacing pelage

Answer 12

molt

Question 13

Mammals with dark dorsal surface but light colored abdomens

Answer 13

countershading

Question 14

Individuals with excess eumelanin

Answer 14

melanistic

Question 15

Individuals with excess pheomelanin

Answer 15

erythristic

Question 16

Individuals that lack all melanin

Answer 16

albino

Question 17

Individuals with reduced melanin

Answer 17

leucistic

Question 18

Blotchy patterns of white and dark hair

Answer 18

piebald

Question 19

Species that match their background

Answer 19

cryptic

Question 20

Bold color patterns
such as stripes and spots that break up the outline of an animal

Answer 20

disruptive

Question 21

Dark-bodied animals with white patches that usually are hidden but are intentionally exposed during a specific behavior

Answer 21

flash coloration

Question 22

Where the hair base and shaft are melanistic (dark) and the tip is white

Answer 22

frosted

Question 23

The hair has multiple bands of coloration

Answer 23

agouti

Question 24

A dorso-lateral (top and sides) wrapping of keratin around the proximal bone of the digit

Answer 24

claw

Question 25

Covers only the dorsal surface of the digit, leaving the tip and plantar surfaces exposed and often highly innervated for sensitive touch

Answer 25

nail

Question 26

Plates of keratin found on armadillos and pangolins

Answer 26

scutes

Question 27

Have a keratin sheath covering a bony core emerging from the skull

Answer 27

horns

Question 28

Covered with skin as they grow; once grown the skin dies and is shed, leaving the exposed bone

Answer 28

antlers

Question 29

Feather-like plates in the mouths of filter-feeding whales

Answer 29

baleen

Question 30

Bones of the digits

Answer 30

phalanges

Question 31

Most bones are paired due to

Answer 31

bilateral symmetry

Question 32

A hole or channel through one or more bones to allow passage of nerves, muscles or blood vessels

Answer 32

foramen

Question 33

A structure emerging from a bone for the attachment of muscles, tendons, or other tissues

Answer 33

process

Question 34

A depression into the bone’s surface, likewise usually to allow muscle attachment to be perpendicular to the bone’s surface

Answer 34

fossa

Question 35

Axial skeleton in comprised of

Answer 35

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

Question 36

5 types of vertebrae

Answer 36

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

Question 37

C1 vertebrae is called

Answer 37

atlas, has no spinous process or centrum

Question 38

C2 vertebrae

Answer 38

axis

Question 39

3 components or forelimb

Answer 39

humerus, radius, ulna

Question 40

Extension of the ulna which forms the elbow

Answer 40

olecranon process

Question 41

Manus is comprised of

Answer 41

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 42

The kneecap is called

Answer 42

patella

Question 43

Pes is comprised of

Answer 43

tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 44

Allows for articulation of the forelimb with the axial skeleton

Answer 44

pectoral girdle

Question 45

Attaches the hind limb to the sacral vertebrae of the spine

Answer 45

pelvic girdle

Question 46

3 bones of the pelvis

Answer 46

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 47

Marsupials and monotremes have an additional pair of pelvic bones which point anteriorly from the pubis

Answer 47

epipubic bones

Question 48

Penis bone

Answer 48

baculum

Question 49

If the entire foot (including the heel and all the digits) contacts the substrate, then the footfall pattern is

Answer 49

plantigrade

Question 50

Animals that walk are called

Answer 50

ambulatory

Question 51

Animals that stride off the tips of their digits

Answer 51

digitigrade

Question 52

Animals that run are called

Answer 52

cursorial

Question 53

These animals literally stand on an enlarged nail (hoof) that covers the tip of the toe(s)

Answer 53

unguligrade

Question 54

Animals that can sustain runs for long periods of time

Answer 54

cursorial stayers

Question 55

climbing in trees

Answer 55

scansorial

Question 56

burrowing

Answer 56

fossorial

Question 57

bipedal hopping

Answer 57

saltatory

Question 58

gliding and flying

Answer 58

volant

Question 59

Causes loss of guard hairs but not underfur

Answer 59

Samson mutation

Question 60

Long and stiff guard hairs that are still bendable

Answer 60

spines

Question 61

Long and stiff guard hairs that are usually hollow inside and can break

Answer 61

quills

Question 62

Which type of vertebrae has no centrum

Answer 62

atlas (C1)

Question 63

Which type of vertebrae has rib facets?

Answer 63

thoracic

Question 64

Which type of vertebrae has transverse foramen and bifid spinous process?

Answer 64

cervical

Question 65

Which vertebrae has a neural spine?

Answer 65

axis (C2)

Question 66

Which vertebrae are generally fused?

Answer 66

sacral

Question 67

Which vertebrae are in the tail?

Answer 67

caudal

Question 68

The rounded head of the humerus articulates with the ________ of the scapula

Answer 68

glenoid fossa