Lab 3 and 4

Question 1

Adjacent bones that are fused and therefore un-moveable are connected at ____________

Answer 1

symphyses

Question 2

Where the paired dentary bones of the lower jaw meet

Answer 2

mandibular symphysis

Question 3

A type of connection where adjacent bones move or pivot on a joint includes ________

Answer 3

condoyle and fossa

Question 4

Most of the bones are fused
together, resulting in very little motion among the skull bones

Answer 4

akinetic

Question 5

Joint where where the mandible articulates with the cranium

Answer 5

mandibular fossa

Question 6

A depression in the bone

Answer 6

fossa

Question 7

A passageway through bone for blood vessels or nerves

Answer 7

foramen

Question 8

The opening in the brain case for the spinal cord

Answer 8

foramen magnum

Question 9

Opening in the roof of the mouth near the incisors

Answer 9

incisive foramen

Question 10

Projections from bones

Answer 10

processes

Question 11

3 major regions of mammalian skull

Answer 11

mandible (lower jaw), face (upper jaw, muzzle and orbits), and cranium

Question 12

Part of mandible that bears teeth

Answer 12

dentary

Question 13

The knobby process at the posterior of the mandible which articulates with the cranium

Answer 13

mandibular condoyle

Question 14

Lowermost process on the mandible

Answer 14

angular process

Question 15

Uppermost process of mandible

Answer 15

coronoid process

Question 16

Muscle used for chewing

Answer 16

masseter muscle

Question 17

Bones that form the posterior roof of the mouth

Answer 17

palatine bones

Question 18

Bony socket that protects eyeball

Answer 18

orbit

Question 19

Encases the tear ducts

Answer 19

lacrimal foramen

Question 20

A flaring bony arch below the eye

Answer 20

zygomatic arch

Question 21

zygomatic arch is comprised of

Answer 21

jugal bone and squamosal bone

Question 22

Bone that forms the anterior portion of the braincase

Answer 22

frontal bone

Question 23

bony capsules that support and protect the inner ear

Answer 23

auditory bullae

Question 24

have a bony core covered by a sheath of keratin

Answer 24

horns

Question 25

covered with skin as they grow, which sheds off and leaves exposed bone which will eventually break (deciduous)

Answer 25

antlers

Question 26

precise alignment of teeth

Answer 26

occlusion

Question 27

4 major muscles in mastication

Answer 27

temporalis, masseter, digastricus, pteryogoids

Question 28

Eats termites or ants

Answer 28

myrmecophagy

Question 28

Feeds on blood

Answer 28

sanguivory

Question 29

Feeds primarily on grass

Answer 29

gramnivory

Question 30

Feeds on seeds

Answer 30

granivory

Question 31

Consumes fungi

Answer 31

mycophagy

Question 32

Teeth of various sizes and shapes

Answer 32

heterodonty

Question 33

Mammals’ teeth are firmly rooted in bony sockets known as

Answer 33

Alveoli

Question 34

Bumps on the crown of the tooth

Answer 34

cusps

Question 35

Bone-like substance that helps hold the tooth within its alveolus (or socket)

Answer 35

cementum

Question 36

Located in the central portion of each tooth within a cavity lined by dentine

Answer 36

pulp

Question 37

Continually growing teeth with the root exposed

Answer 37

open-rooted

Question 38

Have two sets of teeth

Answer 38

diphyodont

Question 39

When the teeth may grow so much that they no longer occlude correctly

Answer 39

malocclusion

Question 40

Lack of teeth entirely

Answer 40

edentate

Question 41

An animal with more than one type of tooth

Answer 41

heterodont

Question 42

Teeth that grow from the premaxillary and dentary, at front of mouth

Answer 42

incisors

Question 43

Teeth posterior to incisors that grow from maxillary bone, used for piercing

Answer 43

canines

Question 44

Gap between the incisors and the premolars

Answer 44

diastema

Question 45

Grow from the maxillary and dentary bones, and are the teeth posterior to the canines

Answer 45

premolars

Question 46

The largest and most physically robust teeth in the jaw. They are situated posterior to the premolars and are never replaced

Answer 46

molars

Question 47

Teeth are all the same shape

Answer 47

homodont

Question 48

High crown, columnar teeth

Answer 48

hyposodont

Question 49

Low crown teeth

Answer 49

brachydont

Question 50

All modern mammals have molars derived from this shape

Answer 50

tribosphenic

Question 51

The cusps are connected by sharp low ridges such that the individual cusps are no longer distinct

Answer 51

lophodont

Question 52

“crescent moon tooth”

Answer 52

selenodont

Question 53

Molar crown consists of low, rounded individual cusps which are too blunt to shear

Answer 53

bunodont

Question 54

Shearing between the fourth upper premolar (P4) and first lower molar (M1)

Answer 54

carnassial

Question 55

This tooth has a high flat crown with sharp (pointed) re-entrant vertical faces that give the tooth row a zig-zag appearance

Answer 55

prismatic molars

Question 56

Opening anterior to orbit of eye, on maxilla

Answer 56

infraorbital foramen

Question 57

The face and braincase compose the ______

Answer 57

cranium

Question 58

The muzzle is also called

Answer 58

rostrum

Question 59

Lophodont is the basic pattern of most ___________

Answer 59

herbivores

Question 60

This lophodont pattern is characteristic of ruminant herbivores

Answer 60

selenodont

Question 61

Molars typical of generalized omnivores

Answer 61

bunodont

Question 62

This pattern is found among taxa that primarily eat arthropods, such as bats and “insectivores”

Answer 62

dilamdodont

Question 63

This premolar-molar set is diagnostic for O. Carnivora

Answer 63

carnassial

Question 64

In this simple lophodont morphology, the cheekteeth have a narrow ribbon of enamel only on the anterior-posterior or outer edges

Answer 64

simplified columnar

Question 65

These molars have high, flat crowns, with rounded re-entrant vertical faces along the sides of the infolding enamel ribbons, and dentine lakes between the lophs

Answer 65

re-entrant lophodont

Question 66

Typical of Arvicoline rodents such as voles, lemmings and muskrats

Answer 66

prismatic molars