midsem Flashcards
mmol/L
number of moles per litre
mosmol/L
number of particles per litre
Na+ in ECF
main extracellular cation
largely determines extracellular volume (bp)
important in action potential generation
ECF 135-145 mmol/L
K+
most abundant intracellular cation
main determinant of RMP -70mV
ECF 3.5-5 mmol/L
Ca2+
important structure of bones and teeth blood clotting enzyme function neurotransmission and muscle contraction ECF 2.2-2.6 mmol/L
Glucose
used by cells to produce ATP
neurons particularly affected by low glucose
hyperglycaemia/hypoglycaemia
ECF 3.5-6/8 mmol/L
factors in homeostasis
- mechanisms which act to maintain constancy
- cooperative-can be simultaneous or successive
- any change is met by factors which resist change
- it is not random- organised self-government
acidosis
loss of neuronal function CNS consciousness
alkalosis
overexcitability of nerves and muscles
core body temperature importance
rapid worsening of initial condition accelerated
viscous cycle detrimental +feedback loop
simple diffusion in cells examples
O2 and CO2, steroid hormones, anaesthetics
types of membrane protein channels
leak channel, ligand gated, voltage gated
sodium potassium pump
moves 3Na+ ions out, 2K+ ions in
example of exocytosis
beta cells release insulin in pancreas
example of endocytosis
neutrophil engulfing anthrax bacteria
