lecture 3

Question 1

NaCl in normal saline

Answer 1

0.9%

Question 2

RMP is what and determined by…

Answer 2

electrical potential that exists across cell membrane

Due to concentrations and permeability of ions

Question 3

How is RMP formed

Answer 3

when conc gradient and electrical gradient are balanced

Question 4

RMP is important for excitable tissues otherwise

Answer 4

cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness

Question 5

4 homeostatic terminology

Answer 5

regulated variable (system senses and keeps stable)
set point (target value)
reference normal range (acceptable limits)
variation (intra and inter)

Question 6

normal reference range is

Answer 6

2sdv away from mean in healthy group of ppl

Question 7

variation fluctuates due to

Answer 7

inter/intra variation= genetic/fluctuate rhythms

Question 8

negative feedback components

Answer 8

sensor
integrator
effector
communication pathways

Question 9

neuronal pathway (4)

Answer 9

involves action potentials/neurotransmitter
fast
specific
for immediate brief change responses

Question 10

hormonal pathway (4)

Answer 10

release into the blood
long lasting slow widespread sustained
target any cells with receptors specific
one hormone potentially affects many tissue/organs

Question 11

feedforward

Answer 11

preemptive detection anticipation

before variable has moved

Question 12

positive feedback detriments

Answer 12

destabilising, vicious cycles

Question 13

positive feedback uses

Answer 13

childbirth, blood clotting, endpoint must limit outcome

Question 14

mechanisms of heat loss

Answer 14

conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation