Middy 3 Flashcards
an important early event in repair by scarring is:
debridement
all of the following are potential complications of healing by second intention EXCEPT…
- inadequate development of granulation tissue
- increased risk of infection
- loss of functional tissue/organ cell types
inadequate development of granulation tissue
arthropods can act as vectors for which of the following…
- viral diseases
- protozoal diseases
- both of the above
both of the above
amyloid depositions seen in a wide variety of body tissues in association with chronic inflammatory diseases are termed:
reactive amyloidosis
amyloid deposition in renal glomeruli is associated with:
protein loss in urine
Amyloid is best defined as:
beta-plated fibrillar protein
angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, the process of capillary sprouting is initiated by:
the VEGF family
an example of chronic viral infection, which causes necrosis and subsequent fibrosis over a long period is:
hepatitis C virus
bacteremia is diagnosed by…
blood culture
bacteria adhesins are…
molecules that bind bacteria in host cells
bacteremia in young children and animals most often leads to bacterial seeding of the…
growth plates (epiphyses)
cytopathic viruses are those…
whose replication causes cell lysis or lethal changes in cell function
complete the following sentence correctly: systemic fungal diseases…
are a particular problem in AIDS patients
clinically apparent infectious disease develops when the infectious organism:
survives, multiplies and produces tissue damage
cells which are reversibly post-mitotic and can divide if necessary to allow regeneration are:
parenchymal cells of the liver kidney and pancreas
caseous necrosis in granulomas caused by microorganisms is related to…
delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction
chronic suppurative inflammation is characterized by…
necrosis, pus formation, fibrosis and mononuclear cells
examples of stable cells, which can regenerate following necrosis are:
hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells)
examples of labile cells, which maintain their ability to actively divide throughout life are:
intestinal epithelial cells
enterotoxins attach to gut mucosal cell receptors causing…
- secretory diarrhea
- injury to enterocytes
- both of the above
both of the above
epithelial cells have…
an increased ability to secrete lysozyme
facultative intracellular organisms grow…
both inside and outside cells
fungi causes tissue injury primarily by:
inducing delayed type hypersensitivity responses
True or false: granulation tissue has a role in healing by first intention
true
granulation tissue is composed of:
highly vascular immature connective tissue
granulation tissue refers to which of the following:
fibrovascular tissue which has a role in healing of large wounds
granulation tissue is more prominent in:
wound healing by second intention
granulomatous inflammation is characterized by:
aggregation of activated (epithelioid) macrophages
true or false: herpesviruses frequently cause persistent (chronic) viral infections
false
healing by second intention differs from healing by first intention in that:
healing by first intention is characterized by faster healing due to apposition (positioning) of tissue edges
true or false: high levels of passively acquired maternal antibodies can prevent a primary immune response to vaccination
true
in toxin-type food poisoning…
bacteria multiply and produce toxin in food which is then ingested
true or false: in prion-related disease, there is no inflammatory response to the agent
true
in prion-related spongiform encephalopathies, disease is related to:
accumulation of large amounts of abnormal prion protein in the brain tissue
true or false: many of the normal or commensal bacteria help prevent colonization by more virulent organisms
true
true or false: many of the helminth infections cause little or no signs of of disease
true
most organisms gain access to the body vi…
natural passages
non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is characterized by sensitized lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, together with:
areas of necrosis and fibrosis
non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is seen with:
chronic viral infections
true or false: obligate intracellular pathogens induce a greater immune response than inflammatory response
true
osteomyelitis is a classic example of:
chronic suppurative inflammation
persistent (chronic) viral infection (such as Hepatitis B virus) cause
slow cell necrosis over an extended time
parasitic diseases lead to tissue reactions characterized by:
eosinophils
true or false: persistence of an antigen or injurious stimulus will cause chronic inflammation to develop
True
quiescent cells enter the cell cycle phase from which phase?
G0
rickettsial diseases such as typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever are transmitted by:
arthropod vectors
repair by proliferation of connective tissue is the definition of
fibrosis or scarring
true or false: second intention healing occurs when a wound is surgically debrided and sutured closed
False
scarring is best defined as…
an area of dense collagen, due to healing by fibrosis
true or false: suppuration is particularly likely to occur when anatomic factors inhibit drainage and the resolution of acute inflammation
true
subclinical infection is defined as..
the development of an immune response, without clinically apparent disease
septicaemia is defined as
multiplying bacteria and their toxins in blood
suppurative inflammation is characterized by
bacterial infections
the antiviral effects of cytokine, interferon, are due to
interference with viral translation (stops viral)
the “scab” seen in association with skin wounds consists of:
clotted blood and some inflammatory cells
the primary motivators for cell replication are the
cyclins
the early contraction occurring in scar maturation is caused by:
contraction of actomyosin filaments in certain fibroblasts
the finding of granulomatous inflammation in association with eosinophils in tissue would be most consistent with presence of
parasitic infection
the proportion of a population with a particular disease that die from the disease is called:
case fatality
the secretion of locally acting enzymes by certain bacteria allows:
tissue invasion
true or false: the host’s inflammatory and immune response to the virus may cause some of the cellular and tissue injury associated with viral infection
true
the acute response to viruses is characterized by:
lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages
the prions differ from viruses because they:
lack nucleic acids
the villi on the surface of gram-negative rods and cocci serve to:
mediate adherence of bacteria to host cells
the viruses are:
obligate intracellular organisms
the recurrent spikes of fever and chills seen in malaria relate to:
the release of parasitic forms from red blood cells
true or false: the presence of an organism in association with the presence of disease is proof of causation
false
the incidence of fungal infections is favoured by:
- immunosuppression (stress hormones)
- systemic use of antibiotics
- both
both
the body response to rickettsia and chlamydia is characterized by:
mononuclear cells
the lipopolysaccharide components of cell walls of gram negative bacteria, which are released into the blood of the host following bacterial death and lysis are termed…
endotoxins
the role of T cells in granulomatous inflammation is to:
produce lymphocytokines which inhibit macrophage migration
the most common cause of osteomyelitis is
bacterial seeding from the blood
the effect of endotoxins on small blood vessels leads to
vasodilation and DIC
tuberculosis is characterized by
granulomatous inflammation in lungs or other tissues
the cell cycle has mechanisms to detect DNA or chromosomal damage. The G1/S checkpoint…
monitors the integrity of DNA before irreversibly committing to DNA replication
the coagulase enzyme produced by staphylococcus aureus is an example of a:
locally acting enzyme
viruses which damage the epithelial cells of the upper airways also injure cilia, and thus adversely affect ciliary clearance machinery. This leads to:
increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections
which term is most appropriate for a formation of abnormal nodular masses of collagen that occasionally occur as a result of skin wounds?
keloid
which of the following represents the appropriate stepwise progression of angiogenesis
- vasodilation
- Endothelial cell migration
- endothelial cell proliferation
- Remodelling into capillary tubes
- recruitment of periendothelial cells
which of the following wounds is most likely to regenerate entirely
extensive necrosis of surface enterocytes (intestinal mucosal lining)
which of the following changes in a complete blood count would be suggestive of a parasitic infection
eosinophilia
when normal resident bacterial flora cause disease under certain conditions, it is termed:
opprotunistic infection
which of the following statements about protozoal infections is false:
infection can be readily managed with appropriate medications
which of the following about protozoal disease is false
they are usually opportunistic infections
when inflammation and necrosis destroy permanent cells such as neurones in the brain tissue, the result is
scar tissue
which of the following statements about disease caused by helminths is false?
there is often an associated neutrophilia
when a micro-organism invades a tissue, the most likely outcome is that the invader will:
die due to both nonspecific and specific infections
which of the following statements about fungal diseases is false?
the widespread use of antibiotics has decreased fungal disease
which of the following is not an adverse effect caused by viruses
release of viral toxins
which of the following represents the end stage of wound repair
dominance of fibrocytes and abundant collagen
which of the following organ/cell types are most likely to heal by scarring
myocardial cells
