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Block 2 > Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

two types of pericardium

A

fibrous and serous

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2
Q

is the fibrous pericardium elastic or inelastic

A

inelastic, prevalent because pressure within this wall will compress heart

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3
Q

layers of the serous pericardium

A

parietal (outer) and visceral (inner)

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4
Q

the sternal angle is aligned with which rib and vertebra

A

2nd rib, T4/5

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5
Q

What runs between the parietal and visceral layers

A

serous fluid

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6
Q

what sinus is important for identifying ascending aorta and pulmonary trunks for bypass surgery

A

transverse pericardial sinus

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7
Q

List the flow of the blood through the heart

A

enters through the superior/inferior vena cava into the right atrium —> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary semilunar valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> bicuspid valve –> left ventrical –> aortic semilunar valve –> aorta –> body

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8
Q

atria ___ blood

A

recieve

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9
Q

ventricles ____ blood

A

pump

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10
Q

condition characterized by a blood clot forming in the body, being carried toward the heart through the vena cava, in the right ventricle, then getting stuck in the lung

A

pulmonary embolism

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11
Q

blood supply of the heart

A

coronary arteries

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12
Q

A left or right dominant heart is determined by which coronary artery is contributing to the _______

A

posterior interventricular artery

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13
Q

Sinus that most veins on the heart drains into

A

coronary sinus

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14
Q

what veins on the heart do not drain into the coronary sinus and where do they drain

A

anterior cardiac veins, drain directly into right atrium

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15
Q

What vein runs with the anterior interventricular artery

A

great cardiac vein

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16
Q

what vein runs with the posterior interventricular artery

A

middle cardiac vein

17
Q

Most common artery associated with myocardial infarctions (heart attack)

A

anterior interventricular artery

18
Q

diastole

A

atrial contraction, dub sound

19
Q

systole

A

ventricular contraction, lub sound

20
Q

CPR mimics

A

systole

21
Q

three shunts of fetal circulation

A

ductus venosis, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale

22
Q

ductus venosis

A

duct in fetus to bypass liver since blood has already been processed through mom’s liver

23
Q

foramen ovale

A

connects the right and left atria to bypass the lungs

24
Q

ductus arteriosis

A

sends blood from aorta to pulmonary trunk

25
Q

fetal blood circulation

A

blood enters through the umbillicus vein, passes liver via ductus venosus, into the heart via the inferior vena cava, right atrium, foramen ovale, left atrium, left ventricle, to the fetal body, in the superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, ductus arteriosus, aorta

26
Q

umbillical vein post birth

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

27
Q

ductus venosus post birth

A

ligamentum venosum

28
Q

foramen ovale post birth

A

fossa ovale

29
Q

ductus arteriosus post birth

A

ligamentum arteriosum

30
Q

sympathetic innervation of the heart

A

Post ganglionic fibers of T1-5 work within excitement of the heart

31
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart

A

pre ganglionic fibers via the vagus nerve helps with resting heart rate

32
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

atrioventricular node

33
Q

node associated with atrial contraction

A

sinoatrial node

34
Q

node associated with ventricular contraction

A

atrioventricular node

35
Q

auscultation of aortic semilunar valve

A

right second intercostal space

36
Q

auscultation of pulmonary semilunar valve

A

left second intercostal space

37
Q

auscultation of left atrioventricular (mitral) valve

A

left midclavicular line, fifth intercostal space

38
Q

auscultation of right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

A

left fifth intercostal space

Block 2 (8 decks)

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