Middle Mediastinum Flashcards
two types of pericardium
fibrous and serous
is the fibrous pericardium elastic or inelastic
inelastic, prevalent because pressure within this wall will compress heart
layers of the serous pericardium
parietal (outer) and visceral (inner)
the sternal angle is aligned with which rib and vertebra
2nd rib, T4/5
What runs between the parietal and visceral layers
serous fluid
what sinus is important for identifying ascending aorta and pulmonary trunks for bypass surgery
transverse pericardial sinus
List the flow of the blood through the heart
enters through the superior/inferior vena cava into the right atrium —> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary semilunar valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> bicuspid valve –> left ventrical –> aortic semilunar valve –> aorta –> body
atria ___ blood
recieve
ventricles ____ blood
pump
condition characterized by a blood clot forming in the body, being carried toward the heart through the vena cava, in the right ventricle, then getting stuck in the lung
pulmonary embolism
blood supply of the heart
coronary arteries
A left or right dominant heart is determined by which coronary artery is contributing to the _______
posterior interventricular artery
Sinus that most veins on the heart drains into
coronary sinus
what veins on the heart do not drain into the coronary sinus and where do they drain
anterior cardiac veins, drain directly into right atrium
What vein runs with the anterior interventricular artery
great cardiac vein
what vein runs with the posterior interventricular artery
middle cardiac vein
Most common artery associated with myocardial infarctions (heart attack)
anterior interventricular artery
diastole
atrial contraction, dub sound
systole
ventricular contraction, lub sound
CPR mimics
systole
three shunts of fetal circulation
ductus venosis, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale
ductus venosis
duct in fetus to bypass liver since blood has already been processed through mom’s liver
foramen ovale
connects the right and left atria to bypass the lungs
ductus arteriosis
sends blood from aorta to pulmonary trunk
fetal blood circulation
blood enters through the umbillicus vein, passes liver via ductus venosus, into the heart via the inferior vena cava, right atrium, foramen ovale, left atrium, left ventricle, to the fetal body, in the superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, ductus arteriosus, aorta
umbillical vein post birth
ligamentum teres hepatis
ductus venosus post birth
ligamentum venosum
foramen ovale post birth
fossa ovale
ductus arteriosus post birth
ligamentum arteriosum
sympathetic innervation of the heart
Post ganglionic fibers of T1-5 work within excitement of the heart
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart
pre ganglionic fibers via the vagus nerve helps with resting heart rate
pacemaker of the heart
atrioventricular node
node associated with atrial contraction
sinoatrial node
node associated with ventricular contraction
atrioventricular node
auscultation of aortic semilunar valve
right second intercostal space
auscultation of pulmonary semilunar valve
left second intercostal space
auscultation of left atrioventricular (mitral) valve
left midclavicular line, fifth intercostal space
auscultation of right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
left fifth intercostal space
