Anterolateral Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal

Question 1

bones of the abdomen

Answer 1

lumbars, os coxa (illiac crest and illiac spine)

Question 2

bones of the os coxa

Answer 2

ilium, pubis, ischium

Question 3

Regions of the abdomen

Answer 3

midclavicular plane, subcostal plane, transtubercular plane

Question 4

midclavicular plane

Answer 4

midpoint of the clavicles to the mid inguinal point

Question 5

subcostal plane

Answer 5

across inferior border of 10th costal cartilage

Question 6

transtubercular plane

Answer 6

passes through the iliac tubercles on each side and across the body of L5

Question 7

quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 7

median plane, transumbillical plane, umbillicus

Question 8

median plane

Answer 8

longitudinal line that separates the body into right and left halves

Question 9

transumbilical plane

Answer 9

transverse line that passes through the umbilicus - which is approximately between L3 and L4

Question 10

umbilicus

Answer 10

circle around the belly button

Question 11

superficial landmark of the appendix, what and where

Answer 11

McBurney’s Point: located about 2/3 between the umbilicus and ASIS

Question 12

2 layers of superficial fascia in the abdominal wall

Answer 12

Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia

Question 13

camper’s fascia

Answer 13

more superficial, fatty layer

Question 14

scarpa’s fascia

Answer 14

deep to camper’s fascia, more membranous layer

Question 15

the truly anterior muscle of the abdomen

Answer 15

rectus abdominus

Question 16

the three lateral (flank) muscles of the abdomen

Answer 16

external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus

Question 17

innervation of the four abdominal muscles

Answer 17

segmental; ventral rami of T6-T12, L1

Question 18

action of all four abdominal muscles

Answer 18

compress and support abdominal viscera

Question 19

what muscles are responsible for flexing and rotating the trunk

Answer 19

external and internal obliques

Question 20

what muscle is responsible for stabilizing and controlling the tilt of the pelvis, and flexing the trunk

Answer 20

rectus abdominus

Question 21

ipsilateral contraction

Answer 21

contraction of external and internal obliques on same side to create lateral trunk flexion, bends towards contracted side

Question 22

contralateral contraction

Answer 22

contraction of external oblique on one side and internal oblique on opposite side to create trunk torsion, twists towards the side of contracted internal oblique

Question 23

rectus sheath is formed by

Answer 23

the crossing of the aponeuroses of the external and internal obliques as well as the transversus abdominus

Question 24

what is contained in the rectus sheath

Answer 24

rectus abdominus, superior and inferior epigastric a.v., lymphatic vessels, distal portions of thoracoabdominal nerves

Question 25

arcuate line

Answer 25

point where rectus abdominus travels with rectus sheath

Question 26

above the umbilicus, the network is drained into the _____ via the _____

Answer 26

axillary vein, lateral thoracic vein

Question 27

below the umbilicus, the network drains into the _____ via the _____

Answer 27

femoral vein, superficial epigastric vein

Question 28

paraumbilical vein

Answer 28

forms a portal-systemic venous anastomosis

Question 29

blood supply of three flank muscles

Answer 29

intercostal and lumbar artery

Question 30

blood supply to rectus abdominus

Answer 30

superior and inferior epigastric

Question 31

the lateral fold covers

Answer 31

the inferior epigastric artery and vein

Question 32

the medial fold covers

Answer 32

the umbillical artery

Question 33

the median fold covers

Answer 33

the urachus

Question 34

superficial lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus

Answer 34

anterior axillary lymph nodes

Question 35

superficial lymphatic drainage below the umbilicus

Answer 35

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 36

subcostal nerve

Answer 36

motor innervation to 3 flank muscles, spinal level T12, sensory innervation to skin above iliac crest and below belly button

Question 37

iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 37

spinal level L1, internal oblique and transversus abdominus, sensory from iliac crest to inguinal ligament

Question 38

ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 38

spinal level L1, motor innervation for internal oblique and transversus abdominus, sensory innervation

Question 39

genitofemoral nerve

Answer 39

spinal level L1-L2, genital and femoral branch

Question 40

inguinal canal

Answer 40

allows for passage of the spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus

Question 41

deep inguinal ring

Answer 41

internal entrance of inguinal canal in the transversalis fascia

Question 42

superficial inguinal ring

Answer 42

exit of the inguinal canal in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

Question 43

posterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 43

transversalis fascia

Question 44

anterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 44

aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

Question 45

roof of the inguinal canal

Answer 45

arching fibers of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles

Question 46

floor of the inguinal canal

Answer 46

inguinal ligament and lacunar ligaments

Question 47

condition classified as the accumulation of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis

Answer 47

hydrocele

Question 48

inguinal (hesselbach’s) triangle

Answer 48

where direct inguinal hernias go after passing abdominal wall

Question 49

borders of the inguinal triangle

Answer 49

medial: recuts abdominis, lateral: inferior epigastric a.v., Inferior: inguinal ligament

Question 50

condition characterized by intestine exiting the abdominal cavity lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels via the deep inguinal ring

Answer 50

indirect (congenital) inguinal hernia

Question 51

condition characterized by the intestines exiting the abdominal cavity medial to inferior epigastric vessels (inguinal triangle) - goes directly through the abdominal wall

Answer 51

direct (acquired) inguinal hernia