Abdomen: Foregut Flashcards
the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
three types of peritoneum
parietal, visceral, and mesentery peritoneum
parietal peritoneum
outer layer that covers the abdominal wall
visceral peritoneum
inner layer that covers the organs
mesentery peritoneum
double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall
intraperitoneal
structures covered in visceral peritoneum and suspended by mesentery peritoneum
primary retroperitoneal
lies posterior to peritoneum through entirety of development
secondarily retroperitoneal
starts as intraperitoneal, but migrates posterior to peritoneum during development
retroperitoneal organs
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (except 1st portion)
Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (ascending and descending only) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum
Secondary Retroperitoneal Organs
Pancreas
Colon
Duodenum
two main mesenteries
mesentery proper and mesocolon
mesentery proper
suspensory organ that connects small intestines to body wall
mesocolon
suspensory colon that connects large intestines to abdominal wall
mesentery proper
connects small intestines to body wall
omentum
double layered extension/fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to another organ
greater omentum
4 layered fold that hangs from the greater curvature of stomach and attaches on transverse colon
lesser omentum
2 layered fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver
ligaments of the greater omentum
gastrocolic and gastrosplenic ligament
ligaments of the lesser omentum
hepatoduodenal and gastrohepatic ligament
omental foramen (foramen of winslow)
passageway between greater and lesser sacs
paracolic gutters
peritoneal recesses on the posterior abdominal wall that connect the different compartments. Allow for free communication between pathway (infection/cancer spreads)
foregut
end of the esophagus to the first half of the duodenum
midgut
second half of the duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
hindgut
distal 1/3 of colon to superior anal canal
digestive tract order
esophagus –> stomach –> duodenum –> jejunum (small intestine) –> ileum (small intestine) –> ascending colon (large intestine) –> transverse colon (large intestine) –> descending colon (large intestine) –> sigmoid colon (large intestine) –> rectum
esophagus
muscular tube that moves food down to the stomach
esophagus
muscular tube that moves food down to the stomach
divisions of the stomach
fundus, cardia, body, pylorus
gastric rugae
longitudinal folds that allow for stretching within the inside of the stomach
pyloric sphincter
band of smooth muscle that controls outflow to the duodenum
esophagogastric junctions
contains esophageal sphincter (not a true sphincter, no band of smooth muscle) prevents backflow into esophagus
condition characterized by the bacteria helicobacter pylori eroding the stomach lining, causing painful open lesions of the mucosa
gastric ulcers
condition characterized by the lower esophageal sphincter being displaced superior to the diaphragm (95%)
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
condition characterized by the fundus of the stomach herniating into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus
Para-Esophageal Hiatal Hernia
duodenum
first portion of small intestine
four parts of the duodenum
foregut: superior, descending
midgut: horizontal, ascending
Last four parts are retroperitoneal
duodenojejunal flexure
supported by a suspensory ligament of the duodenum, aids in digestion though the widening of angle
spleen
accessory organ, lymphatic not digestive, site of white cell proliferation, filters out old red blood cells
hilum of spleen contains…
splenic artery and vein
pancreas
accessory digestive organ, secretes glucagon/ insulin, secretes pancreatic juice
liver
produces bile and filters blood, RUQ
gallbladder
stores bile
the path of bile
produced in liver –> exits via the hepatic duct –> left and right hepatic duct combine to form common hepatic duct –> cystic duct –> enters gallbladder –> exits gallbladder via cystic duct –> down common hepatic duct to duodenum
condition characterized as the concentration of cholesterol or bilirubin in the gall bladder, cystic duct, or bile duct
gall stones
blood supply to the foregut
celiac trunk
blood supply to the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
blood supply to the hundgut
inferior mesenteric artery
primary branches of the celiac trunk
common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric artery
left gastric artery
anastomoses with right gastric artery to supply lesser curvature of stomach, supplies esophagus via esophageal branches
branches of the common hepatic artery
gastroduodenal, right gastric, proper hepatic
branches of the splenic artery
short gastric, left gastro-omental, pancreatic branches
what veins join to create the hepatic portal vein
splenic and superior mesenteric veins
