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Block 2 > Abdomen: Foregut > Flashcards

Abdomen: Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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2
Q

three types of peritoneum

A

parietal, visceral, and mesentery peritoneum

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3
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer that covers the abdominal wall

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4
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer that covers the organs

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5
Q

mesentery peritoneum

A

double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall

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6
Q

intraperitoneal

A

structures covered in visceral peritoneum and suspended by mesentery peritoneum

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7
Q

primary retroperitoneal

A

lies posterior to peritoneum through entirety of development

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8
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal

A

starts as intraperitoneal, but migrates posterior to peritoneum during development

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9
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (except 1st portion)

Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending only)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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10
Q

Secondary Retroperitoneal Organs

A

Pancreas
Colon
Duodenum

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11
Q

two main mesenteries

A

mesentery proper and mesocolon

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12
Q

mesentery proper

A

suspensory organ that connects small intestines to body wall

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13
Q

mesocolon

A

suspensory colon that connects large intestines to abdominal wall

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14
Q

mesentery proper

A

connects small intestines to body wall

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14
Q

omentum

A

double layered extension/fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to another organ

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15
Q

greater omentum

A

4 layered fold that hangs from the greater curvature of stomach and attaches on transverse colon

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16
Q

lesser omentum

A

2 layered fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver

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17
Q

ligaments of the greater omentum

A

gastrocolic and gastrosplenic ligament

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18
Q

ligaments of the lesser omentum

A

hepatoduodenal and gastrohepatic ligament

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19
Q

omental foramen (foramen of winslow)

A

passageway between greater and lesser sacs

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20
Q

paracolic gutters

A

peritoneal recesses on the posterior abdominal wall that connect the different compartments. Allow for free communication between pathway (infection/cancer spreads)

21
Q

foregut

A

end of the esophagus to the first half of the duodenum

22
Q

midgut

A

second half of the duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

23
Q

hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of colon to superior anal canal

24
Q

digestive tract order

A

esophagus –> stomach –> duodenum –> jejunum (small intestine) –> ileum (small intestine) –> ascending colon (large intestine) –> transverse colon (large intestine) –> descending colon (large intestine) –> sigmoid colon (large intestine) –> rectum

25
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube that moves food down to the stomach

26
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube that moves food down to the stomach

26
Q

divisions of the stomach

A

fundus, cardia, body, pylorus

27
Q

gastric rugae

A

longitudinal folds that allow for stretching within the inside of the stomach

28
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

band of smooth muscle that controls outflow to the duodenum

29
Q

esophagogastric junctions

A

contains esophageal sphincter (not a true sphincter, no band of smooth muscle) prevents backflow into esophagus

30
Q

condition characterized by the bacteria helicobacter pylori eroding the stomach lining, causing painful open lesions of the mucosa

A

gastric ulcers

31
Q

condition characterized by the lower esophageal sphincter being displaced superior to the diaphragm (95%)

A

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

32
Q

condition characterized by the fundus of the stomach herniating into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus

A

Para-Esophageal Hiatal Hernia

33
Q

duodenum

A

first portion of small intestine

34
Q

four parts of the duodenum

A

foregut: superior, descending
midgut: horizontal, ascending
Last four parts are retroperitoneal

35
Q

duodenojejunal flexure

A

supported by a suspensory ligament of the duodenum, aids in digestion though the widening of angle

36
Q

spleen

A

accessory organ, lymphatic not digestive, site of white cell proliferation, filters out old red blood cells

37
Q

hilum of spleen contains…

A

splenic artery and vein

38
Q

pancreas

A

accessory digestive organ, secretes glucagon/ insulin, secretes pancreatic juice

39
Q

liver

A

produces bile and filters blood, RUQ

40
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile

41
Q

the path of bile

A

produced in liver –> exits via the hepatic duct –> left and right hepatic duct combine to form common hepatic duct –> cystic duct –> enters gallbladder –> exits gallbladder via cystic duct –> down common hepatic duct to duodenum

42
Q

condition characterized as the concentration of cholesterol or bilirubin in the gall bladder, cystic duct, or bile duct

A

gall stones

43
Q

blood supply to the foregut

A

celiac trunk

44
Q

blood supply to the midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

45
Q

blood supply to the hundgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

46
Q

primary branches of the celiac trunk

A

common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric artery

47
Q

left gastric artery

A

anastomoses with right gastric artery to supply lesser curvature of stomach, supplies esophagus via esophageal branches

48
Q

branches of the common hepatic artery

A

gastroduodenal, right gastric, proper hepatic

49
Q

branches of the splenic artery

A

short gastric, left gastro-omental, pancreatic branches

50
Q

what veins join to create the hepatic portal vein

A

splenic and superior mesenteric veins

Block 2 (8 decks)

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