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Regional Geo > Middle East and Africa > Flashcards

Middle East and Africa Flashcards

1
Q

Middle East/North Africa Info

A

7 m km2, 8th largest
542 m, 7th largest
77% urbanized - 3rd highest

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2
Q

MENA Climate

A

Mainly Dry/Arid, some areas Mediterranean

Sahara and Arabian Desert (2 largest on earth)

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3
Q

MENA Mountains

A

Atlas, Zadres, Hagar
Ethiopian plateau, Nile river
Anatolian plateau

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4
Q

MENA Physiographic Processes

A

African plate moving southwest (forms rift, Red Sea), Arabian Northeast vs Eurasian (forms mountains)
Turkish earthquakes at boundary

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5
Q

MENA Coastal Infuences

A

Limited freshwater resource
Dead Sea 10x saltier than ocean
Desalination plants in Israel, Qatar, UAE, Saudi

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6
Q

MENA Oil and Gas

A

more than 3/4 of world’s oil reserves

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7
Q

Cradle of Civilization

A

12,000 ya permanent settlements in Mesopotamia

- Domestication, Irrigation, Metallurgy, Hierarchical societies, religion, political systems

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8
Q

Cradle of Urbanization and Globalization

A

Cities linked via extensive trading networks built by empires
Exchange of goods and ideas
Empires: Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman

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9
Q

MENA Economic/Cultural Subregions

A
  1. Oil States (Saudi, Iraq, Iran, Oman, UAE) - dependent on world oil market and vice versa
  2. Mahgreb (Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia) - have oil, but different culturally (Berbers and Moors)
  3. Eastern Mediterranean Crescent (Turkey, Israel, Egypt, Lebanon) - European oriented, diversified economies, religious divide
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10
Q

MENA Religion

A

96% Muslim (Sunni most common, Shi’a in Iran, Iraq, Turkey)

Christians and Jews in concentrated areas

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11
Q

MENA Language

A

Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) and Indo-European language families

Arabic and Hebrew

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12
Q

MENA Migration

A

In-migration to India and oil states (UAE 85% EXPATS)

Out-migration due to war , civil unrest, lack of opportunity

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13
Q

Sub Saharan Africa Info

A

Largest of 10 Regions
3rd largest population (962 million)
2nd lowest urbanization (37%)

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14
Q

How was Africa split?

A

Mix of historical, physical and social factors

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15
Q

Africa Climate

A

Arid: northern parts, horn and South
Tropical: Middle (rainforest)

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16
Q

Madagascar

A

High Climate variability

Trade winds, rain shadow effect, seasonal variation, biodiversity

17
Q

Africa Physiography

A

Deserts: Sahara, Sahel, Kalahari, Namib - Approx 40% of Africa
Green wall: natural buffer vs Sahara growth

18
Q

Africa Major Ecosystems

A

Tropical rainforest
Grassland
Desert

19
Q

Savanna

A

A sub-tropical zone

  • 40% of land area
  • Dense concentrations of diverse grazing animals, along with major predatory animals
20
Q

Human Migration

A

One thousand plus years out of East Africa towards the rest of the world
First Australia, Europe, Siberia, Americas then Oceania

21
Q

European Exploration/ Colonization

A

Trading network linked to spice land/silk road
Initially Portuguese
Dutch/German South (1609’s)
Abolition of slavery and British presence changed political economy
Quinine opened to explorers (Malaria)

22
Q

Slavery

A
  1. Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Empires
  2. West European Empires exported slaves to Americas (1-2 m died on route)
    Triangular trade
    Ended slowly during 19th century
23
Q

African Independence

A

Happened quickly in 1950’s/60’s
Some peaceful, others violent
Some kept strong ties

24
Q

African Civil Wars

A

Since independence: civil war, internal conflict and genocide
Due to incongruence of boundaries

25
Q

African Conflicts

A

Central: Rwanda and Burundi
West: Liberia and Sierra Leone
East: Somolia and Sudan
South: Zimbabwe and South Africa

26
Q

African Dependency and Debt

A

Modernization and infrastructure 1960’s and 80’s left them owing other nations, requiring loans
More aid provided to area than anywhere else combined
Poorest in the world, lowest life expectancy, infant mortality, malnutrition

Regional Geo (5 decks)

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