MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT) Flashcards
IDENTIFY THAT CHILDREN PASS CONSERVATION PROBLEMS–>
Children pass conservation problems in the Concrete Operational Stage (7-11y/o) in Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (COGNITIVE)
–PIAGET’S CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE–>
7-11 years,
-increasing logical thought, very rigid, less egocentric, inability to reason abstractly or hypocritically
-trouble with hypothetical and abstractions, geometry abstraction, believe rules are rules
Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development, extending from about 7-11, during which thought becomes logical, flexible, and organized in it application to concrete information, but the capacity for abstract thinking is not yet present.
- Use of Inductive Reasoning
- Can Decenter and Understand Conservation
- More Advanced Cognitive Skills
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (COGNITIVE)
ACHIEVEMENTS OF PIAGET’S CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE–>
- conservation
-decentration
-reversibility - Seriation
-transitive inference - spatial reasoning
-directions
-maps - classification
LIMITATIONS OF CONCRETE OPERATIONAL THEORY/THOUGHT
–>Abstract thought:
-Sarah is taller than Jane
-Jane is taller than Megan
-Who is taller, Megan or Sarah?
–>Thinking in contrast to own beliefs
–>Thinking not logical
-Do NOT systematically test hypotheses
-Ex..What factors influence how fast the
pendulum swings?
–>Children think in an organized, logical fashion only when dealing with concrete information they can perceive directly.
–>Their mental operations work poorly with abstract ideas.
Explain how children in the concrete operational stage succeed/fail at transitive inference and cognitive maps–>
–> NO LONGER DEMONSTRATE–>
*dual representation
*egocentrism
*conservation
*hierarchial classification
–>Children can solve Transitive Inference problems
(problems that require mental seriation)
Ex..
Stick A is longer than Stick B
Stick B is longer than Stick C
Which stick is longer, A or C?
–>Create Cognitive Maps:
-Use scale
-Maps are inflexible
TRANSFERENCE INFERENCE PROBLEMS DEFINITION
(problems that require mental seriation)
SERIATION DEFINITION
The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight
HOWARD GARDNER’S TAKE ON INTELLIGENCE
Gardner has a theory of multiple intelligences which defines intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities.
It dismisses the idea of a general intelligence, rather it proposes at least 8 independent intelligences
STERNBERG’S TAKE ON INTELLIGENCE–>
Sternberg has a triarchic theory of successful intelligence:
- Analytical intelligence -information-processing skills
- Creative intelligence -capacity to solve novel problems
- Practical Intelligence -application of intellectual skills in everyday situations
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
No clear cut definition but a combination of reasoning abilities and various mental abilities (its a collection of many capacities)
HOW IS INTELLIGENCE MEASURED?
using an IQ/mental test
SECOND (2ND) ORDER THEORY OF MIND
the ability to infer what one person thinks about another person’s thoughts
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
———INFORMATION PROCESSING PARTS———
- working memory
- processing speed
- executive functioning
- ADHD (deficits/prevalence)
- knowledge/expertise on memory
- Second (2nd) order theory of mind task
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–
WORKING MEMORY DEFINITION
Remembering/realizing certain tasks or work’
–>digital span test
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–
PROCESSING SPEED
- a measure of the time required to respond to and/or process information in one’s environment.
-works in the efficiency of working memory
–>visual search task
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING
-the ability to execute appropriate actions and to inhibit inappropriate actions for the attainment of a specific goal.
–>improvements in attention and cognitive flexibility
Ex. There is a point when the older girl, playing at the bottom of the screen, makes a move that involves setting up a future jump, and chuckles in satisfaction to herself. These types of moves (showing the ability to plan two steps ahead) are essential to doing well in checkers
Deficits in ADHD→
Inattention
Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
Prevalence in ADHD→
Average prevalence of 11% (cdc reported)
Higher in males (13.2%) than females (5.6%)
diangosis of ADHD–>
Average age of diagnosis is 7 y/o
ADHD IS OFTEN PRESENT WITH….
Depression
Anxiety
Low self esteem
Oppositional defiant disorder
Poor social skills
WHICH GENDER IS ADHD MORE COMMON IN?
More common in…..MALES (13.2%)
Boys are diagnosed with ADHD 3x more than girls
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–
Provide an example of research suggesting that knowledge/expertise influence memory
Knowledge supports memory!
-Kids that played soccer had better memory for soccer terms than kids that did not -Children chess players are better than novice adults
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–
Identify a 2nd order theory of mind task example–>
Pass 2nd order theory of mind tasks→
EX…
“Where will Peter think Sarah will look for her banana?”
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INTELLIGENCE
________________________________________
Identify that intelligence in middle childhood predicts intelligence in adulthood–>
More stable once measures in middle childhood
