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LIFESPAN DEV EXAM 3 > MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT) > Flashcards

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT) Flashcards

1
Q

IDENTIFY THAT CHILDREN PASS CONSERVATION PROBLEMS–>

A

Children pass conservation problems in the Concrete Operational Stage (7-11y/o) in Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory

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2
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (COGNITIVE)

–PIAGET’S CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE–>

A

7-11 years,
-increasing logical thought, very rigid, less egocentric, inability to reason abstractly or hypocritically
-trouble with hypothetical and abstractions, geometry abstraction, believe rules are rules

Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development, extending from about 7-11, during which thought becomes logical, flexible, and organized in it application to concrete information, but the capacity for abstract thinking is not yet present.

  • Use of Inductive Reasoning
  • Can Decenter and Understand Conservation
  • More Advanced Cognitive Skills
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3
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (COGNITIVE)

ACHIEVEMENTS OF PIAGET’S CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE–>

A
  1. conservation
    -decentration
    -reversibility
  2. Seriation
    -transitive inference
  3. spatial reasoning
    -directions
    -maps
  4. classification
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4
Q

LIMITATIONS OF CONCRETE OPERATIONAL THEORY/THOUGHT

A

–>Abstract thought:
-Sarah is taller than Jane
-Jane is taller than Megan
-Who is taller, Megan or Sarah?

–>Thinking in contrast to own beliefs

–>Thinking not logical
-Do NOT systematically test hypotheses
-Ex..What factors influence how fast the
pendulum swings?

–>Children think in an organized, logical fashion only when dealing with concrete information they can perceive directly.

–>Their mental operations work poorly with abstract ideas.

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5
Q

Explain how children in the concrete operational stage succeed/fail at transitive inference and cognitive maps–>

A

–> NO LONGER DEMONSTRATE–>
*dual representation
*egocentrism
*conservation
*hierarchial classification

–>Children can solve Transitive Inference problems
(problems that require mental seriation)
Ex..
Stick A is longer than Stick B
Stick B is longer than Stick C
Which stick is longer, A or C?

–>Create Cognitive Maps:
-Use scale
-Maps are inflexible

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6
Q

TRANSFERENCE INFERENCE PROBLEMS DEFINITION

A

(problems that require mental seriation)

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7
Q

SERIATION DEFINITION

A

The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight

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8
Q

HOWARD GARDNER’S TAKE ON INTELLIGENCE

A

Gardner has a theory of multiple intelligences which defines intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities.

It dismisses the idea of a general intelligence, rather it proposes at least 8 independent intelligences

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9
Q

STERNBERG’S TAKE ON INTELLIGENCE–>

A

Sternberg has a triarchic theory of successful intelligence:

  1. Analytical intelligence -information-processing skills
  2. Creative intelligence -capacity to solve novel problems
  3. Practical Intelligence -application of intellectual skills in everyday situations
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10
Q

WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?

A

No clear cut definition but a combination of reasoning abilities and various mental abilities (its a collection of many capacities)

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11
Q

HOW IS INTELLIGENCE MEASURED?

A

using an IQ/mental test

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12
Q

SECOND (2ND) ORDER THEORY OF MIND

A

the ability to infer what one person thinks about another person’s thoughts

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13
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

———INFORMATION PROCESSING PARTS———

A
  1. working memory
  2. processing speed
  3. executive functioning
  4. ADHD (deficits/prevalence)
  5. knowledge/expertise on memory
  6. Second (2nd) order theory of mind task
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14
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–

WORKING MEMORY DEFINITION

A

Remembering/realizing certain tasks or work’

–>digital span test

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15
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–

PROCESSING SPEED

A
  • a measure of the time required to respond to and/or process information in one’s environment.

-works in the efficiency of working memory

–>visual search task

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16
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING

A

-the ability to execute appropriate actions and to inhibit inappropriate actions for the attainment of a specific goal.

–>improvements in attention and cognitive flexibility

Ex. There is a point when the older girl, playing at the bottom of the screen, makes a move that involves setting up a future jump, and chuckles in satisfaction to herself. These types of moves (showing the ability to plan two steps ahead) are essential to doing well in checkers

17
Q

Deficits in ADHD→

A

Inattention
Impulsivity
Hyperactivity

18
Q

Prevalence in ADHD→

A

Average prevalence of 11% (cdc reported)

Higher in males (13.2%) than females (5.6%)

19
Q

diangosis of ADHD–>

A

Average age of diagnosis is 7 y/o

20
Q

ADHD IS OFTEN PRESENT WITH….

A

Depression
Anxiety
Low self esteem
Oppositional defiant disorder
Poor social skills

21
Q

WHICH GENDER IS ADHD MORE COMMON IN?

A

More common in…..MALES (13.2%)

Boys are diagnosed with ADHD 3x more than girls

22
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–
Provide an example of research suggesting that knowledge/expertise influence memory

A

Knowledge supports memory!

-Kids that played soccer had better memory for 
   soccer terms than kids that did not

-Children chess players are better than novice 
   adults
23
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INFORMATION PROCESSING
———————————————————–

Identify a 2nd order theory of mind task example–>

A

Pass 2nd order theory of mind tasks→

EX…
“Where will Peter think Sarah will look for her banana?”

24
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INTELLIGENCE
________________________________________
Identify that intelligence in middle childhood predicts intelligence in adulthood–>

A

More stable once measures in middle childhood

25
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
INTELLIGENCE
________________________________________

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)–

A

–>Measures a child’s intelligence scale :
Verbal reasoning
Perceptual reasoning
Working memory
Perceptual speed

–> most often used to identify highly intelligent children and diagnose those with learning problems.

–>the first to use samples representing the total population of the United States to devise standards
for interpreting test scores.

26
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory→

A

Based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life

Success depends on 3 types of abilities:
1. Analytic
2. Practical
3. Creative

27
Q

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences→

A

Linguistic
Logico-mathematical
Spatial
Bodily-kinesthetic
Musical
Interpersonal
Interpersonal
naturalistic

28
Q

Discuss how genetics, school, race, and SES influence intelligence in middle childhood

  1. Genetics
  2. School
  3. Race
  4. SES
A
  1. Genetics–>Influences intelligence in middle childhood by having a stronger correlation b/w IQ of identical twins than fraternal twins
  2. School–>Influences intelligence in middle childhood by children in higher grades doing better than children in lower grades, even if about the same age
    Ex… august vs september birthday
  3. Race–>(Asian/White/Hispanic/Black)
  4. SES–>Influences intelligence in middle childhood by having a greater IQ with greater SES
29
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
—————————————————
Approaches to becoming bilingual→

A

Learn 2 languages simultaneously
Learn second language after mastering the first

30
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
—————————————————
Benefits to bilingualism/Explain why bilingual education should be promoted early

A

Benefits to bilingualism→
Executive functioning
Attention
Reasoning
Cognitive flexibility
Language awareness

31
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
—————————————————
Identify the effect of self-fulfilling prophecies on student success

A
32
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
—————————————————
Recognize which countries are leading in academic accomplishment

A

–>U.S
17th in reading
32nd in math
–>US parents focus more on ability than Japanese

–>Japan
-Japanese parents focus more on effort than US

–>China
-Hong Kong moms were more likely than US
moms to review mistakes

33
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
—————————————————

INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM

A

(Students with learning disabilities are integrated into classrooms with typically developing students)

-Models
*Special education teacher in classroom
*Partial inclusion
-Portion of the day spent in inclusion
classroom and portion spent in individual/
small groups

34
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
—————————————————

Provide 3 critiques of the educational programs in the U.S.

A
  1. Level of challenge
  2. Relative to other countries…
    -Greater focus on fact memorization
    -Less focused on conceptual understanding
    and critical thinking
  3. Differences in teacher preparation and education

LIFESPAN DEV EXAM 3 (5 decks)

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