EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT - SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
WHO WAS THE PSYCHOLOGIST ASSOCIATED WITH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT?
ERIK ERIKSON
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (CHILDHOOD) DEFINITION–>
concerns the description of children’s development of relationships with others, their understanding of the meaning of their relationships with others, and their understanding of others’ behaviors, attitudes, and intentions
Identify Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development during early childhood–>
——Initiative vs Guilt (3-6 years old)———-
–>Crisis:
-Activity planning
-Goal setting
-Exploration
–>Examples:
-Invent games
-Selecting outfits
-Exploring the world and asking “why?”
to better understand it
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF–>
Psychologist associated–> Carl Rodgers
- self-image (how one views oneself)
- self-esteem (how one values oneself)
- ideal self (the person one wants to be)
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF:
Identify that preschool-aged children are likely to make concrete, but not abstract, statements about themselves
–>Use concrete terms to describe self:
-Physical features
-Physical abilities
-Preferences
-Possessions
-Social relationships
–>Unrealistically positive
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF:
SEX/GENDER IDENTIFICATION–>
—->Toddlerhood (18-36 months)
-Gender identification
—->Early childhood (3-6 years)
-Gender stability over time
-Gender constancy
—->Socially transitioned transgender children show similar patterns for gender identification and stability
-However, they often said they were members
of the opposite gender as infants
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF:
CONSTANCY
Same gender regardless of change in appearance/activities
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF:
STABILITY
self esteem fluctuations in the level of self-esteem experienced by individuals over a brief period of time.
Without it, there can be no structure or organization for a person’s life, a family or society at large.
For example, children change dramatically in mean level of their language skill (discontinuous) as they develop yet remain rather consistent in rank-order relative to one another (stable) over time
RELATIONSHIPS:
Describe functions of peer relationships:
Peer relationships provide a unique context in which children learn a range of critical social emotional skills, such as empathy, cooperation, and problem-solving strategies.
Peer relationships can also contribute negatively to social emotional development through bullying, exclusion, and deviant peer processes.
- Companionship
- Stimulation
- Ego support
- Social comparison
Erikson’s Theory–>
How we develop in the realm of relationships and people, from life to death in stages
Advantages of Peer Groups/Relationships–>
- Helps children develop social skills
- Helps children regain sense of belonging
- Gives children a great sense of emotional security:
*They have someone to sit with at lunch
*Have someone to play with on weekends or at
recess
Disadvantages of Peer Groups/Relationships–>
- Can potentially create prejudice towards outsiders
- May pressure children to conform and engage in unhealthy activities
DEFINITION OF “PEERS”
(individuals that are approximately the same age and maturity)
PEER INFLUENCES & EXAMPLES–>
1. _____________
2. ______________
—->Positive influences:
-fairness/justice
-Prosocial behavior
-Self-control
—->Negative influences:
-Delinquency
-Aggression
-Loneliness related to illness and mental health
concerns
What do Peer Relationships in early childhood look like?
Friendships initially diverse
-Racial
-Sex
~6 years
-Interact more with the same-sex peers
-Identify “friends” and “non-friends”
