Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology 221 (Child Development) > Middle Childhood > Flashcards

Middle Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Rough-And-Tumble Play

A

vigorous play involving wrestling, hitting, and chasing, often accompanied by laughing and screaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Body Image

A

descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute Medical Conditions

A

occasional medical illnesses that last a short time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chronic Medical Conditions

A

long-lasting or recurrent physical, developmental, behavioral, and/or emotional conditions that require special health services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asthma

A

a chronic respiratory disease characterized by sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diabetes

A

one of the most common diseases of childhood. It is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood as a result of defective insulin production, ineffective insulin action, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stuttering

A

involuntary, frequent repetition or prolongation of sounds or syllables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

pattern of behavior, persisting into middle childhood, marked by negativity, hostility, and defiance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conduct Disorder

A

repetitive, persistent pattern of aggressive, antisocial behavior violating societal norms or the rights of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

School Therapy

A

unrealistic fear of going to school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

condition involving excessive, pro-longed anxiety concerning separation from home or from people to whom a person is attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social Phobia

A

extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

anxiety not focused on any single target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

OCD

A

anxiety aroused by repetitive, intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses, often leading to compulsive ritual behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Childhood Depression

A

mood disorder characterized by such symptoms as a prolonged sense of friendlessness, inability to have fun or concentrate, fatigue, extreme activity or apathy, feelings of worthlessness, weight change, physical complaints, and thoughts of death or suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Individual Psychotherapy

A

psychological treatment in which a therapist sees a troubled person one-on-one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Family Therapy

A

psychological treatment in which a therapist sees the whole family together to analyze patterns of family functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

therapy that uses principles of learning theory to eliminate undesirable behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Art Therapy

A

therapeutic approach that allows a person to express troubled feelings without words, using a variety of art materials and media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Play Therapy

A

therapeutic approach that uses play to help a child cope with emotional distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Drug Therapy

A

administration of drugs to treat emotional disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Concrete Operations

A

the third stage of Piagetian cognitive development (age 7 to 12) during which children develop logical but not abstract thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Seriation

A

ability to order items along a dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Transitive Inference
Understanding the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object
26
Class Inclusion
understanding the relationship between a whole and its part
27
Inductive Reasoning
type of logical reasoning that moves from particular observations about members of a class to general conclusion about that class
28
Deductive Reasoning
type of logical reasoning that moves from a general premise about a class to a conclusion about a particular member or members of the class
29
Horizontal Decalage
Piaget's term for an ability to transfer learning about one type of conservation to other types, which causes a child to master different types of conservation tasks at different ages
30
Metamemory
understanding of process of memory
31
Mnemonic Device
strategy to aid memory
32
External Memory Aids
mnemonic strategies using something outside the person
33
Rehersal
mnemonic strategy to keep an item in working memory through conscious repetition
34
Organization
mnemonic strategy of categorizing material to be remembered
35
Elaboration
mnemonic strategy of making mental associations involving items to be remembered
36
Otis-Lennon School Ability Test
group intelligence test for kindergarten through 12th grade
37
Culture-Free Test
an intelligence test that, if it were possible to design, would have no culturally linked content
38
Culture-Fair Test
an intelligence test that deals with experiences common to various cultures, in an attempt to avoid cultural bias
39
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Gardner's theory that there are eight distinct forms of intelligence
40
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Sternberg's theory describing three types of intelligence: componential, experiential, and contextual
41
Componential Element
Sternberg's term for the analytic aspect of intelligence
42
Experiential Element
Sternberg's term for the insightful aspect of intelligence
43
Contextual Element
Sternberg's term for the practical aspect of intelligence
44
Tacit Knowledge
Sternberg's term for information that is not formally taught or openly expressed but is necessary to get ahead
45
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
nontraditional individual intelligence test designed to provide fair assessments of minority children and children with disabilities
46
Dynamic Tests
test based on Vygotsky's theory that emphasize potential rather than past learning
47
English-Immersion Approach
approach to teaching English as a second language in which instruction is presented only in English
48
Bilingual Education
system of teaching non-English-speaking children in their native language while they learn English and later switching to all-English-instruction
49
Bilingual
fluent in two languages
50
Two-Way (Dual-Language) Learning
approach to second-language education in which English speakers and non-English speakers learn together in their own and each other's languages
51
Decoding
process of phonetic analysis by which a printed word is converted to spoken form before retrieval from long-term memory
52
Phonetic Approach
approach to teaching reading that emphasizes decoding unfamiliar words
53
Whole-Language Approach
approach to teaching reading that emphasizes visual retrieval and use of contextual clues
54
Visually Based Retrieval
process of retrieving the sound of a printed word on seeing the word as a whole
55
Metacognition
thinking about thinking, or awareness of one's own mental processes
56
Social Capital
family and community resources on which a person or family can draw
57
Social Promotion
policy of automatically promoting children even if they do not meet academic standards
58
Intellectual Disability
significantly subnormal cognitive functioning
59
Dyslexia
developmental disorder in which reading achievement is substantially lower than predicted by IQ or age
60
Learning Disabilities
disorders that interfere with specific aspects of learning and school achievement
61
ADHD
syndrome characterized by persistent inattention and distractibility, impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and inappropriate overactivity
62
Convergent Thinking
thinking aimed at finding the one right answer to a problem
63
Divergent Thinking
thinking that produces a variety of fresh, diverse possibilities
64
Enrichment
approach to educating the gifted that broadens and deepens knowledge and skills through extra activities, projects, field trips, or mentoring
65
Acceleration
approach to educating the gifted that moves them through the curriculum at an unusually rapid pace
66
Representational Systems
broad, inclusive self-concepts that integrate various aspects of the self
67
Industry Versus Inferiority
Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development, in which children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority
68
Internalizing Behaviors
behaviors by which emotional problems are turned inward
69
Externalizing Behaviors
behaviors by which a child acts out emotional difficulties
70
Coregulation
transitional stage in the control behavior in which parents exercise general supervision and children exercise moment-to-moment self-regulation
71
Prejudice
unfavorable attitude toward members of certain groups outside one's own
72
Hostile Aggression
aggressive behavior intended to hurt another person
73
Hostile Attribution Bias
tendency for individuals to perceive others as trying to hurt them and to strike out in retaliation or self-defense
74
Bullying
aggression deliberately and persistently directed against a particular target or victim
75
Resilient Children
children who weather adverse circumstances, function well despite challenges or threats, or bounce back from traumatic events
76
Protective Factors
influences that reduce the impact of early stress and tend to predict positive outcomes

Psychology 221 (Child Development) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions