Middle Childhood

Question 1

During this age, children begin to spend more time with

Answer 1

Peers

Question 2

According to Erikson’s theory, parenting practices that help foster feelings of pride and accomplishment will help in the successful completion of ______

Answer 2

Industry

Question 3

Significant improvements in __ ____ enable a child to master skills such as riding a bike or drawing

Answer 3

Motor skills

Question 4

_____ ______ is made up of arousal, behaviors and sexual identity

Answer 4

Sexual orientation

Question 5

At this stage of Erikson’s theory, children begin to compare themselves to their peers and how they measure up against them

Answer 5

Industry v. Inferiority

Question 6

Beliefs about general personal identity

Answer 6

Self-concept

Question 7

Children in middle childhood have a more realistic _____ ___ _____ and this is attributed to comparing one’s performance with that of others and to greater cognitive flexibility

Answer 7

Sense of self

Question 8

An evaluation of one’s identity

Answer 8

Self-esteem

Question 9

This is affected by internalizing others appraisals and creating social comparison

Answer 9

Self-esteem

Question 10

The belief that you are capable of carrying out a specific task or reaching a goal

Answer 10

Self-efficacy

Question 11

Theory that states when a person believes that their actions or behaviors can influence the outcome of a situation

Answer 11

Self-efficacy theory

Question 12

A person’s confidence in their abilities and their beliefs are fundamental to the individuals drives and decisions

Answer 12

Self-efficacy theory

Question 13

Having a clean space makes you feel good, therefore you would be more ______ motivated to clean your room

Answer 13

Intrinsically

Question 14

You would be _____ motivated to clean your room to avoid losing screen time

Answer 14

Extrinsically

Question 15

If a person’s sense of self-efficacy is really low they can develop

Answer 15

Learned helplessness s

Question 16

School age children enter which stage of Piaget’s cognitive theory

Answer 16

Concrete operational

Question 17

Stage of Piaget’s cognitive development where logical and systematic thinking is applied to everyday tasks

Answer 17

Concrete operational

Question 18

During this stage a child has an increased capacity to focus on more than one critical feature in a task and coordinating information in memory

Answer 18

Concrete operational

Question 19

Ability to think about thinking and the task at hand

Answer 19

Metacognition

Question 20

This theorist believed that culture and a child’s social context had more influence on how a child could learn

Answer 20

Vygotsky

Question 21

Association learning methods

Answer 21

Classical and operant conditioning

Question 22

Cognitive skill: arranging items along quantitative dimension, arranging different size straws in order by length

Answer 22

Seriation

Question 23

Cognitive ability: since their vocabs and experiences are growing, children build schemas which help them to organize and classify objects; sorting toys by color

Answer 23

Classification

Question 24

Cognitive ability: some things that have been changed can return to their original state; water that is frozen can become liquid again

Answer 24

Reversibility

Question 25

Cognitive ability: knowing that a quantity hasn’t changed even if it has been altered

Answer 25

Conservation

Question 26

_____ of neural connections between the prefrontal cortex and other areas of the brain improve mental planning and working memory

Answer 26

Myelination

Question 27

When neurons learn to fire in coordinated sequence; actions and thoughts become more automatic

Answer 27

Automatization

Question 28

____ _____ in middle childhood contributes to more faster information processing

Answer 28

Synaptic pruning

Question 29

_____ continues to develop which aids in reaction times

Answer 29

Myelin

Question 30

Children’s reasoning on moral factors are influenced by

Answer 30

Personal experience Level of empathy Capacity for abstract though Peer group Culture Cognitive development

Question 31

Children’s moral reasoning is limited by

Answer 31

Their ability to understand and think abstractly about the world around them

Question 32

Up to age 8, this level of moral reasoning is characterized by egocentricity, maximizing rewards and avoiding punishment, and self-interest

Answer 32

Level 1, pre-conventional

Question 33

At around ages 9-11, this level of moral reasoning is characterized by social rules and expectations, observational practices, good boy/girl attitude, maintaining the social order

Answer 33

Level 2- conventional moral reasoning

Question 34

The child’s view that that person is my best friend and the feeling is reciprocated; they believe that their friend also believes they are best friends

Answer 34

Reciprocated best friend

Question 35

A child’s conceptualization of what makes someone a friend changes from a more _____ understanding to one based on ______

Answer 35

Egocentric, reciprocity

Question 36

Thought that children learn language through operant conditioning

Answer 36

Skinner

Question 37

Used for the transmission of information, allows us to access existing knowledge, draw conclusions, set and accomplish goals

Answer 37

Language

Question 38

How we interpret new experiences in terms of our current understanding

Answer 38

Assimilation

Question 39

How we later adjust our schemas to better incorporate new experiences

Answer 39

Accommodation

Question 40

A child owns a poodle. They see a boxer and notice it looks like a poodle. They point to the boxer and say that’s a dog

Answer 40

Assimilation

Question 41

A child owns a poodle. A child sees a cat and notices it looks like a dog. They say that’s a dog. Parent corrects them and says that’s a cat. The child now has to change its dog schema to exclude some four legged pets and creates a new cat schema

Answer 41

Accommodation

Question 42

Past experience up to general conclusion

Answer 42

Bottom up processing

Question 43

General principle down to hypothetical case

Answer 43

Top down processing