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RCM Level 10 History > Middle Ages works > Flashcards

Middle Ages works Flashcards

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1
Q

Who wrote Messe de Nostre Dame?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

[p. 33]

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2
Q

Describe Rose, liz

A

charming four-voice chanson

Machaut’s courtly elegance is projected

two musical phrases are arranged to reflect the poetic structure

[p. 35]

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3
Q

Name the tune used by Guido of Arezzo to teach sight singing.

A

Ut queant laxis

[p. 13]

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4
Q

Who wrote De ma dame vient/Diex, comment porroie/Omnes?

A

Adam de la Halle

[p. 21]

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5
Q

Name a piece by Moniot d’Arras.

A

Ce fut en mai

[p. 22]

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6
Q

Describe “Robin m’aime”

A

secular song, translates “Robin loves me”

from 13th-century musical play Je de Robin et Marion

by Adam de la Halle

consists of a monophonic, modal melody

[p. 26]

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7
Q

Describe Istampita Palamento

A

14th-century Italian dance

derived from the French estampie

has sectional form, with open and closed endings

[p. 30]

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8
Q

Who wrote Ma fin est mon commencement?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

[p. 35]

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9
Q

Who wrote Rose, liz?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

[p. 35]

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10
Q

Describe Dies irae

A

text drawn from Requiem Mass; describe the “Day of Wrath” or “Judgment Day”

melody attributed to Thomas of Celano (ca 1250)

quoted in works by Berlioz, Liszt, and Sondheim

tune has come to symbolize death and the supernatural

[p. 12]

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11
Q

Name the example of organum quadruplum written by Perotin.

A

Sederunt principes

[p. 17]

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12
Q

O mitissima/Virgo/Haec dies

Genre:

Composer:

Composition date:

Sources of text:

Language:

Performing forces:

Texture:

A

O mitissima/Virgo/Haec dies

Genre: polytextual motet, from Bamberg Codex

Composer: anonymous

Composition date: 13th century

Sources of text: poems in praise of the Virgin Mary; Haec dies

Language: Latin

Performing forces: three voices, lowest voice sometimes play by an instrument

Texture: polyphonic

[p. 18]

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13
Q

Who wrote the chanson Douce dame jolie?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

[p. 35]

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14
Q

Describe Ordo virtutum

A

translates Play of Virtues

allegorical morality play, or sacred drama

by Hildegard von Bingen

her longest and best-known work

remarkable not only for its length, but also for its musical design

[p. 12]

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15
Q

Name the hymn to John the Baptist.

A

Ut queant laxis

[p. 13]

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16
Q

Name two rondeaux by Guillaume de Machaut.

A

Rose, liz and Ma fin est mon commencement

[p. 35]

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17
Q

“Royal Estampie No. 4”

Genre:

Composer:

Composition date:

Texture:

Form:

Performing forces:

Collection:

A

“Royal Estampie No. 4”

Genre: dance music

Composer: anonymous

Composition date: late 13th century

Texture: monophonic

Form: sectional structure, with open and closed endings

Performing forces: variable (instruments)

Collection: Chansonnier du Roy

[p. 29]

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18
Q

Describe Kalenda maya

A

a dance-song celebrating the first of May (May Day)

[p. 26]

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19
Q

Who wrote the treatise Ars nova?

A

Philippe de Vitry

[p. 32]

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20
Q

Haec dies (organum)

Genre:

Composer:

Composition date:

Source of text:

Language:

Performing forces:

Texture:

Number of voices:

A

Haec dies (organum)

Genre: organum (Notre Dame style)

Composer: anonymous, in the style of Leonin

Composition date: ca 1175

Source of text: Old Testament - Psalms

Language: Latin

Performing forces: soloist & chorus

Texture: polyphonic, with monophonic sections

Number of voices: two

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21
Q

Haec dies (chant)

Genre:

Composer:

Composition date:

Mass component:

Source of text:

Language:

Performing forces:

Texture:

Key:

Performance style:

A

Haec dies (chant)

Genre: Gregorian chant

Composer: anonymous

Composition date: early Middle Ages

Mass component: Gradual, from the Mass for Easter Day

Source of text: Psalm 118:1/24; Old Testament

Language: Latin

Performing forces: soloist and chorus

Texture: monophonic

Key: Dorian mode

Performance style: responsorial singing

22
Q

What is the Liber Usualis?

A

translates Book of Common Use

an important source containing the music and text of many of the chants used in the Roman Catholic services

compiled in late 19th century by monks of Benedictine Abbey of Solesmes, France

[p. 12]

23
Q

Ce fut en mai

Genre:

Composer:

Composition date:

Source of text:

Language:

Performing forces:

Texture:

A

Ce fut en mai

Genre: monophonic chanson [courtly trouvere song]

Composer: Moniot d’Arras

Composition date: mid-13th century

Source of text: secular poem

Language: old French

Performing forces: solo singer

Texture: monophonic, with improvised accompaniment on some recordings

[p. 23]

24
Q

Name the morality play by Hildegard von Bingen.

A

Ordo virtutum

[p. 12]

25
Q

Who wrote the motet Hareu! Hareu! Le feu/Helas/Obediens?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

[p. 35]

26
Q

Describe Ut queant laxis

A

hymn to St. John the Baptist

used by Guido of Arezzo as an aid in teaching sight singing

11th century

[p. 13]

27
Q

Who wrote the chanson Puis qu’en oubli?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

[p. 35]

28
Q

Name a piece derived from the French estampie.

A

Istampita Palamento

[p. 30]

29
Q

What composer created a four-voice texture that would become the standard for sacred choral settings and in which work?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

Messe de Nostre Dame

[p. 33]

30
Q

What important treatise did Philippe de Vitry author?

A

Ars nova

[p. 32]

31
Q

Describe Chansonnier du Roy

A

French for “Songbook of the King”

anonymous 13th-century French manuscript

contains troubadour and trouvere songs as well as 8 monophonic dances

contains some of the earliest examples of notated dance music

[p. 29]

32
Q

What are chansonniers?

A

songbooks of chansons

[p. 22]

33
Q

What is the significance of Machaut’s Messe de Nostre Dame?

A

first complete polyphonic setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by a single, known composer

In composing the various Mass movements as a musically unified whole, de Machaut was the first composer to impart a creative design and overall cohesion to music that had previously been regarded as purely functional.

also introduced another voice into the traditional three-voice style: the “contratenor” voice created counterpoint in a range overlapping with the tenor voice, resulting in a four-voice texture that would become the standard for sacred choral settings for centuries to come

[p. 33]

34
Q

What is the significance of the words in the title O mitissima/Virgo/Haec dies?

A

they reflect the opening words of each voice in this polytextual motet

[p. 18]

35
Q

What book contains some of the earliest examples of notated dance music?

A

Chansonnier du Roy

[p. 29]

36
Q

Describe De ma dame vient/Diex, comment porroie/Omnes

A

late 13th-century motet

demonstrates the juxtaposition of sacred & secular elements

cantus firmus drawn from a Gregorian chant

text in the top voice is a secular poem

[p. 21]

37
Q

What book did Leonin write/compile?

A

Magnus Liber Organi

(Great Book of Organum)

[p. 15]

38
Q

What is the Bamberg Codex?

A

manuscript consisting of two treatises on music theory and a collection of 13th-century polyphonic works

[p. 18]

39
Q

Kyrie from Messe de Nostre Dame

Genre:

Composer:

Composition date:

Source of text:

Language:

Texture:

Number of voices:

Performing forces:

Borrowed Materials:

Form:

A

Kyrie from Messe de Nostre Dame

Genre: Kyrie, the first movement of the Mass Ordinary

Composer: Guillaume de Machaut

Composition date: ca 1350

Source of text: Mass Ordinary

Language: Greek

Texture: polyphonic

Number of voices: four (triplum, motetus, tenor, countertenor)

Performing forces: singers; parts may have been reinforced by instruments

Borrowed Materials: cantus firmus in tenor is based on the plainchant Kyrie cunctipotens genitor Deus from Gregorian Mass IV

Form: three sections; text follows ABA form

[p. 33]

40
Q

From what collection do we get O mitissima/Virgo/Haec dies?

A

the Bamberg Codex

[p. 18]

41
Q

Describe the Musica Enchiriadis.

A

Latin for “Music Handbook”

anonymous 9th-century treatise

contains the earliest examples of notated polyphony in Western art music

includes parallel oranum

scholars believe this was a book for theorists, not used in performance

[p. 14]

42
Q

What two pieces did Adam de la Halle write?

A

De ma dame vient/Diex, comment porroie/Omnes

[p. 21]

“Robin m’aime” from Jeu de Robin et Marion

[p. 26]

43
Q

Who wrote “Roman de Fauvel?”

A

Gervais du Bus

[p. 33]

44
Q

Describe Ma fin est mon commencement

A

three-voice rondeau

excellent example of the love for complexity associated with ars nova style

upper voices are both based on the same material; they sing the same melody in a mirror image, meeting in the middle

the bottom voice sings a mirror image of itself in each half (retrograde canon)

[p. 35]

45
Q

What is the significance of the Bamberg Codex?

A

important source for understanding the style of notation that was developing at the time

close to 100 three-voice motets composed between 1260-1290

[p. 18]

46
Q

What is the translation of Messe de Nostre Dame?

A

“Mass of Our Lady”

[p. 33]

47
Q

Ordo virtutum - plot summary & characters

A

The 82 original monophonic melodies reveal a creative approach in the recurrence of motives and a wider range.

The work was written to teach Christian values to a largely illiterate audience.

Its allegorical characters include the Virtues (such as Humility, Hope, Charity, Discipline) who battle the Devil for possession of the Soul (Anima). Ironically, the only male character, the Devil, is not required to sing; according to Hildegard, he is incapable of creating celestial harmony.

[p. 12]

48
Q

What is catalogued in Ars nova?

A

changes that had already taken place in music and art in the 14th century

evolution of polyphony (sacred & secular) was spurred on by the perfection of pitch notation coupled with more sophisticated rhythmic notation

rhythmically coplex music could be notated in a much clearer way than had previously been possible

chanson became an elegant, courtly song

vocal music of the period often derived its shape from the poetry itself

[p. 32]

49
Q

Who wrote Magnus Liber Organi?

A

Leonin

[p. 15]

50
Q

What melody is attributed to Thomas of Celano?

A

Dies irae chant

[p. 12]

51
Q

Name the collection compiled by Benedictine monks in Solesmes, France.

A

Liber Usualis

[p. 12]

RCM Level 10 History (13 decks)

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