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RCM Level 10 History > Baroque works > Flashcards

Baroque works Flashcards

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1
Q

Ahi, caso acerbo is from what opera and by whom?

A

L’Orefo by Claudio Monteverdi

[p. 71]

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2
Q

What opera is based in part on the epic poem Aenid by the ancient Roman poet Virgil?

A

Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas

[p. 73]

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3
Q

Cantata No. 80 - Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott

Genre:

Composer:

First performance:

Basis:

Librettist:

Language:

Translation of title:

Structure:

Performing forces:

A

Cantata No. 80 - Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott

Genre: cantata

Composer: J. S. Bach

First performance: 1715, revised ca 1744

Basis: chorale by Martin Luther (used in movements 1, 2, 5, & 8)

Librettist: Salomo Franck

Language: German

Translation of title: A Mighty Fortress Is Our God

Structure: eight movements

Performing forces: SATB soloists, SATB chorus, strings, continuo, and pairs of oboes (trumpets and drums added later by Wilhelm Friedemann Bach)

[p. 80]

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4
Q

Who wrote Guilio Cesare in Egitto?

A

George Frideric Handel

[p. 76]

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5
Q

What is significant about Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas?

A

it stands out as the first great English opera

[p. 72]

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6
Q

Tu se’ morta is from what opera and by whom?

A

L’Orfeo by Monteverdi

[p. 69]

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7
Q

Dido and Aeneas - characters

A

Dido - soprano - queen of Carthage

Aeneas - baritone - Trojan prince, founder of Rome

Belinda - soprano - Dido’s lady in waiting

Sorceress - mezzo-soprano

Choruses of courtiers, sailors, cupids, witches

[p. 73]

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8
Q

What is the name of Vivaldi’s opera seria and a da capo aria from it?

A

“Nel profondo cieco mondo” from Orlando furioso

[p. 79]

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9
Q

Who sings “V’adoro pupille”?

A

aria by Cleopatra in Giulio Cesare in Egitto

[p. 77]

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10
Q

What is the name of another opera by Monteverdi and a duet from it?

A

“Pur ti miro” from The Coronation of Poppea

[p. 79]

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11
Q

What are the three parts of “Dido’s Lament?”

A

Recitative - “Thy hand, Belinda”

Aria - “When I am Laid in Earth”

Chorus - “With Drooping Wings”

[pp. 73-74]

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12
Q

List the eight movements of Cantata No. 80 by Bach.

A
  1. Chorus - choral fugue, based on the choral melody
  2. Duet - soprano and bass soloists
  3. Recitative and Arioso - bass solo
  4. Aria - soprano solo
  5. Chorus - unison chorale
  6. Recitative and Arioso - tenor solo
  7. Duet - alto and tenor soloists
  8. Chorus - four-part chorale

The eight movements of this cantata are organized to create a balanced, arch-like structure, using full performing forces in movements 1, 5, and 8 to act as “pillars” supporting the more intimate movements heard in between.

[p. 82]

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13
Q

What collection is Arailli mia bella in and why?

A

Le nuove musiche, by Giulio Caccini

it’s an example of a solo song demonstrating the new “expressive style”

[p. 66]

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14
Q

What is the name of Purcell’s opera?

A

Dido and Aeneas

[p. 72]

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15
Q

Dido and Aeneas

Genre:

Composer:

First performance:

Librettist:

Source of plot:

A

Dido and Aeneas

Genre: English opera

Composer: Henry Purcell

First performance: 1689

Librettist: Nahum Tate

Source of plot: Nahum Tate’s Brutus of Alba and the epic poem Aeneid by the ancient Roman poet Virgil

[p. 73]

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16
Q

Giulio Cesare in Egitto - characters

A

Caesar - alto castrato - Roman emperor and general

Cleopatra - soprano - Queen of Egypt

[p. 76]

17
Q

What opera is based in part on Nahum Tate’s Brutus of Alba?

A

Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas

[p. 73]

18
Q

Who sings “Thy hand, Belinda” and what is the storyline?

A

Recitative by Dido in Dido and Aeneas

Queen Dido expresses her sorrow to Belind, her friend and confidant, and prepares herself for death

[pp. 73-74]

19
Q

For whom did Monteverdi write his opera L’Orfeo and why?

A

Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua

commissioned the work after hearing Jacopo Peri’s L’Euridice

[p. 68]

20
Q

Dido and Aeneas - plot summary

A

After the siege of Troy, Prince Aeneas and his men set sail across the Mediterranean to fulfill the command of the gods and establish a new Trojan capital on Italian soil. They become shipwrecked on the shores of Carthage, a city-state ruled by Queen Dido. The noble couple falls in love, thereby causing Aeneas to delay his mission. A sorceress summons her witches to conspire against the couple’s happiness. One of her minions, disguised as the god Mercury, appears before Aeneas, tricking him into believing the gods are displeased with him. Aeneas resolves to fulfill his destiny and leave Carthage. Dido, heartbroken by his abandonment of her, builds a pyre on a hilltop overlooking the city. The flames light up the night sky, guiding Aeneas’s ships safely out of the harbor. The grief-stricken queen mounts the flaming pyre and brings her life to a tragic end.

[p. 73]

21
Q

Name a song contained in Caccini’s Le nuove musiche.

A

Amarilli mia bella

[p. 66]

22
Q

Who sings “When I Am Laid in Earth” and what is the storyline?

A

aria by Dido in Dido and Aeneas

continues from “Thy Hand, Belinda” - Queen Dido expresses her sorrow to Belinda, her friend and confidant, and prepares herself for death

[p. 74]

23
Q

Who wrote the opera L’Euridice?

A

Jacopo Peri & Giulio Caccini

[p. 66]

24
Q

What collection did Giulio Caccini compose?

A

Le nuove musiche, 1602

[p. 66]

25
Q

Give a plot summary of Monteverdi’s L’Orfeo.

A

The opera tells the tragic tale of Orfeo, a simple shepherd gifted with a beautiful voice. On his wedding day, his new bride, Euridice, is bitten by a poisonous serpent and dies. Overcome with grief, Orfeo vows to rescue Euridice from the underworld and restore her to life. The gods grant him this wish, but on one condition: that when he finds Euridice he does not look directly into her eyes. Upon finding his beloved among the dead spirits, he begins to guide her back into the mortal world. In a moment of weakness Orfeo casts a glance back at his beloved, losing her forever. As Orfeo mourns his loss, the god Apollo descends from the heavens. Taking pity on the poor shepherd, he takes Orfeo into his fiery chariot and returns to heaven where Orfeo will lead a happier eternal life.

[p. 69]

26
Q

Who sings Ahi, caso acerbo and what is the storyline?

A

Chorus

The chorus echoes Orfeo’s sorrow, lamenting the cruelty of Fate.

[p. 71]

27
Q

What characteristic of Monteverdi’s writing do Tu se’ morta and Ahi, caso acerbo (and the whole opera) exemplify and how?

A

Monteverdi’s motto: “The text is the master, the music the servant.”

He achieves heightened emotion through the close union of text and music.

His innovative use of instruments to create variety and project the mood and characters in each scene is an important early step in the history of orchestration.

both pieces use much word painting

[p. 71]

28
Q

Who sings Tu se’ morta and what is its storyline?

A

Orefo’s recitative

Orfeo has just learned from the messenger that Euridice is dead. In his grief, he resolve to retrieve her from the underworld.

[p. 69]

29
Q

What is the oldest surviving opera and when was it performed?

A

L’Euridice by Peri & Caccini, performed in 1600

[p. 66]

30
Q

Giulio Cesare in Egitto

Genre:

Composer:

First performance:

Librettist:

Source of plot:

A

Giulio Cesare in Egitto

Genre: opera seria

Composer: George Frideric Handel

First performance: 1724

Librettist: Nicola Francesco Haym

Source of plot: ancient Roman history

[p. 76]

31
Q

L’Orfeo

Genre:

Composer:

First performance:

Librettist:

Source of plot:

Structure:

A

L’Orfeo

Genre: Italian opera

Composer: Claudio Monteverdi

First performance: 1607

Librettist: Alessandro Striggio

Source of plot: Greek mythology

Structure: prologue and five acts

32
Q

For what major work as Salomo Franck the librettist?

A

Cantata No. 80 - Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, by J. S. Bach

[p. 80]

33
Q

Who sings “With Drooping Wings” and what is the storyline?

A

Chorus

A chorus of cupids gather to mourn Queen Dido’s tragic fate.

[p. 74]

34
Q

What is the name of G. F. Handel’s opera?

A

Giulio Cesare in Egitto

[p. 74]

35
Q

Giulio Cesare in Egitto - plot summary

A

Julius Caesar and his army have arrived in Egypt after vanquishing General Pompey and his forces in 48 B.C.E. Cleopatra needs Caesar’s support to regain the throne of Egypt from her scheming brother Ptolemy. In act 2, Cleopatra disguises herself as a servant and appears before Caesar in a play within a play, hoping to seduce him. He is captivated by her beauty before learning her true identity. With Caesar’s support, Cleopatra secures her crown; the couple denounces tyranny and celebrates the glory of Rom and the enduring power of love.

[p. 76]

36
Q

L’Orfeo - principal characters

A

Orfeo - tenor - a shepherd; blessed with a beautiful singing voice

Euridice - castrato - a shepherdess; the young wife of Orfeo

The Messenger - castrato - the bearer of tragic news

Caronte - bass - garekeeper of Hades (the spirit world)

Secondary characters include allegorical figures (Music), gods (Apollo), and shepherds and shepherdesses who comment on the story much like an ancient Greek chorus.

[p. 69]

37
Q

Describe Le nuove musiche

A

Italian for “New Music”

by Florentine composer Giulio Caccini

contains musical examples and prose descriptions of monody, illustrating the newly emerging musical texture

the contents include madrigals and arias for solo voice and continuo

the composer also offers valuable advice on how to ornament and embellish vocal lines

solo song example: Amarilli mia bella by Caccini

[p. 66]

RCM Level 10 History (13 decks)

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