Middle Ages people, groups, & movements Flashcards
What is Hildegard von Bingen known for?
was an inspired religious leader, writer, and composer
known for mystic visions and prophesies
composed original poetry and music and created a new genre - the morality play (ex: Ordo virtutum)
[p. 12]
What is significant about the year 476?
fall of the Roman Empire
[p. 6]
How many motets did Guillaume de Machaut write?
23, including:
- Hareu! Hareu! Le feu/Helas/Obediens
Who was Giovanni Boccaccio?
poet/writer of Middle Ages
[p. 6]
Describe Philippe de Vitry’s musical contributions.
can be included among the innovative musicians who deliberately struck out in new directions
innovator in the notation of rhythm, including the “imperfect” division of notes into two equal units (a move away from the division of notes into three equal units, considered “perfect”)
broke free from older patterns and rhythmic modes
used isorhythm, the repetition of an extended pattern, in which melodic patterns and rhythmic segments of different lengths are combined
[p. 33]
What important work did Philippe de Vitry write?
Ars nova treatise
[p. 33]
Who was Dante Alighieri?
poet/writer of Middle Ages
[p. 6]
What major work is Leonin known for?
Magnus Liber Organi (Great Book of Organum)
[p. 15]
Describe the changes/developments in four primary elements of musical style in the Middle Ages.
- Texture - development of polyphony.
- Notation - development of a system of notation
- Melodic Range - with increased complexity and styles came increased range
- Rhythm - increased complexity came with more structured rhythm
[p. 7]
Who was Geoffrey Chaucer?
poet/writer of the Middle Ages
[p. 6]
What kinds of chansons did Guillaume de Machaut write?
monophonic and polyphonic, including:
- Rose, liz
- Douce dame jolie
- Puis qu’en oubli
[p. 35]
What musical contributions did Perotin make?
expanded polyphonic technique by composing three- and four-part polyphony
composed “substitute clausulae” to replace sections within organa originally composed by Leonin
[p. 16]
Compare & contrast Leonin & Perotin
- Leonin: organal style with passages in discant style
- Leonin: 2- & 3-part / Perotin: 3- & 4-part
- Both used clausulae; Perotin wrote substitute clausulae to replace some of Leonin’s
- Leonin: used rhythmic modes / Perotin: used more sophisticated rhythmic modes
[online]
What is the importance of “Anonymous IV”?
treatise from ca 1275
earliest documentation of the existence of Leonin & Perotin
[p. 16]
Who were two leading composers of the Notre Dame school?
Leonin and Perotin
[p. 15]
Perotin - dates
fl. 1175-1225
[p. 16]
Philippe de Vitry - dates & biographical info
1291-1361
French composer, poet, and bishop of Meaux
[p. 33]
Name an example of Perotin’s more advanced polyphony and its genre.
- Sederunt principes
- organum quadruplum (four-voice organum)
[p. 17]
What was the significance of the Carolingian Renaissance?
initiated a revival of arts and culture and brought significant and lasting education reforms
[p. 6]