Middle Ages Flashcards
Middle Ages, Dark Ages years and significance.
Middle ages “Medieval Ages” [500 AD - 1500AD]
“The Dark Ages” [476 AD - 800 AD]
Signified by the fall of Rome, brought into light by Charlemagne.
The Golden Age of Islam years and two branches.
8th c. AD - 14th c. AD
Two Branches of Islam: [Split in 632 A.D]
Sunni - Believes in elected leadership.
Shia - Generational leadership.
The Seven Years War
1756 AD - 1763 AD [French - Indian War] the first true “Global/World war”
Charlemagne [Charles the Great]
Reigned 768 AD - 814 AD.
“Holy Roman Emperor” in Franks. Unified a lot of Europe. His land inheritance split into 3 for his sons.
Feudal System 9th c. AD - 15th c. AD:
- King/Monarch/Queen Regnant/Prince Consort
- Nobles/Lords/Barons/Dukes/Earls/Counts
- Vassals/Knights
- Clergy - Bishops, Abbots
- Peasants/Serfs
[A King can also be a Duke in another nations land.]
The Great Schism
1054 AD [The Split of Christianity into Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy]
Catholic vs Orthodox vs Protestant:
- Protestant - Puts Bible above Church in authority. Rejects the Pope.
- Catholic - Puts Church above Bible in authority, MUST participate in church. Explores science.
- Orthodox - “God is a mystery.” Does not put SON with Spirit, only Father.
Crusades
11th - 13th c. AD. [11 Campaigns to reclaim Jerusalem “City of Peace”.]
In doing it, Rome has earned the anger of Christians who were sacked by greedy mercenaries in Constantinople and more.
“Children’s Crusade” [Unofficial Crusade ending up with 20k children dead or enslaved.]
The Mongol Empire
1206 AD - 1368 AD
Known for being impressively tolerant towards occupied countries religions.
In contiguous [connecting] category, they were the biggest in history.
Made the Indian Ocean trade very safe.
“The Great Charter”
Magna Carta “The Great Charter” 1215 AD [UK Document limiting the power of monarchs, forcing them to abide the law. Signed by King John of England.]
The Great Famine of Europe
1315 AD - 1322 AD [10% - 25% of Europe Died]
The Black Death/Bubonic Plague
1347 AD - 1351 AD [40% of Europe Died]
Hundred Year War
[1337 AD - 1453 AD] France vs UK [France’s Victory]
Started as a dispute for the throne.
Joan of Arc “Maid of Orleans” at 17 led an army and convinced the powerful enemy to retreat.
Burned in France by the English.
The Great Wall of China
[1368 AD - 1644 AD]
Discovery of America
by Columbus [1492 AD]
Renaissance and Humanism centuries.
[14th c. AD - 17th c. AD]
With Italy being incredibly rich from trading it became Renaissance’s capital.
However 95% of Europe never truly felt Renaissance.
“[Name] The Magnificent”
“[Name] The Great”
- Eloquence, Cultural Contributions
- Power and Military Impact
[To stop the flow of something, especially blood]
Stanch
[A Public show of respect for someone, often recognition.]
Homage
[Person in the feudal system who pledged loyalty to a more powerful lord, monarch.]
Vassal
[Peasant bound to his lord, like a slave.]
Serf
[Head of monastery]
Abbot
[Religious community building where nuns live, work and worship.]
Monastery
[Individuals trained to perform religious duties and rituals]
Clergy
[1. The Lords House. 2. Farmland. 3. Common land. 4. Village.]
Manorial system
[Type of serf living in a Villa.]
Villain
[Economic & Social system dominant in medieval Europe]
Manorialism
[Belief that events are pre-determined - inevitable]
Fatalism
[Place in between heaven and earth, who need their souls cleansed. Purification, penance by suffering.]
Purgatory
[Principle of separating religion from government policies.]
Secularism
[Office and authority of Pope - leader of the Roman Catholic Church.]
Papacy
[Formal division/Split within a religious community]
Schism
[Anything related to the Pope]
Papal
[Germanic people in current day Belgium]
Franks
[Distinctive characteristic/Feature/Quality that is regarded as defining/identifying trait.]
Hallmark
[System of Inheritance given to the oldest son]
Primogeniture
[Member of ANY religious community who devotes their life to spiritual practices, often asceticism]
Monk
