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Ancient History Flashcards

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1
Q

Years of:
1. Bronze Age
2. Iron Age
3. Classical Age

A
  1. [3000BC - 1200BC]
  2. [1200BC - 500BC]
  3. [500BC - 500AD]
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2
Q

[Bronze Era] 3 Main Nations of Mesopotamia’s region.

A
  1. Sumerians
  2. Akkadians
  3. Babylonians
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3
Q

[Bronze Era] The 4 civilizations [Excluding Mesopotamia’s region].

A
  1. Ancient Egypt
  2. The Indus Valley [IVC]
  3. Ancient Greece
  4. Ancient China
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4
Q

[Earliest writing system by Mesopotamia’s Sumerians]

A

Cuneiform [3100BC]

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5
Q

[Religious Temples by Sumerians]

A

Ziggurats

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6
Q

[Anything related to Agriculture]

A

Agrarian

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7
Q

[Storage facility for grains]

A

Granary

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8
Q

[Entire collection of gods from a group, etc. Greek Pantheon]

A

Pantheon

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9
Q

Translated “Mesopotamia” and “Meso”

A

[Area Between Rivers] [Middle]

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10
Q

[Iron Age] The First Superpower

A

Neo-Assyrian Empire [911BC]

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11
Q

[Bronze Era] The Invention of the first Wheel

A

[Sumerians 3500BC]

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12
Q

[Bronze Era] The first Emperor

A

[Sargon The Great of Akkad]

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13
Q

[Bronze Era] Sumeru’s biggest city

A

[Ur with population of 40k]

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14
Q

[Strengthening a place in preparation of an attack]

A

Fortification

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15
Q

[Concept of a ruler chosen by God]

A

Divine Kingship

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16
Q

Nomadic life

A

[Lifestyle of moving] Opposite of sedentary.

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17
Q

[Lifestyle centered around livestock]

A

Pastoral life

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18
Q

A.D

A

Anno Domini [In The Year of Our Lord]

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19
Q

Ancient Greece’s 5 Ages

A
  1. The Dark Ages
  2. Archaic Period
  3. The Classic Period
  4. Hellenistic Period
  5. The Roman Period
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20
Q

Who had taken Ancient Greece over?

A

First the Byzantine Empire, then went under Ottoman rule.

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21
Q

Who united the Greeks and when.

A

Alexander’s The Great Father Philip II united the Greeks into one [338 BC]

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22
Q

Before the Ancient Greeks were united, what were the city-states called.

A

Polises.

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23
Q

[Egypt’s ex-Capital for 1000 years and where Alexander is buried]

A

Alexandria

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24
Q

When was “The Golden Age of Greece”

A

[480BC - 404BC]

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25
Q

[Assembly/Shared space to cement social identity]

A

Agora

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26
Q

What is ‘Hellenistic Period’?

A

[Era Between the Death of Alexander the Great 323 BC and rise of the Roman Empire marked by the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC]

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27
Q

About Socrates

A
  1. Socrates

Socratic Method/Elenchus [Askins a series of specific questions for a challenge]

“I know that I know nothing”

Did not leave any written works, refused to use the pen over words.

Sentenced to death by poison for “poisoning the youth”.

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28
Q

About Plato

A
  1. Plato

Founded “Academy of Athens” in 387BC

Wrote extensively, ex “The Republic”

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29
Q

About Aristotle

A
  1. Aristotle

Found “Lyceum” [Prominent school of philosophy]
Alexander’s The Great Teacher

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30
Q

About Antisthenes

A

[Antisthenes → Diogenes] Students of students.

  1. Antisthenes

Discipline of Socrates

Key figure in development of Cynicism [Rejection of social constructs]

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31
Q

About Diogenes of Sinope

A
  1. Diogenes of Sinope

Was called “The Embodiment of Cynicism”

Radical [Extreme] Asceticism [Renouncement of all unnecessary comforts]

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32
Q

About Euclid

A
  1. Euclid

“The Father of Geometry”

Wrote “Elements” [13 books representing STEM logic base]

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33
Q

About Archimedes

A
  1. Archimedes

“Father of Mathematics”

Invented A = πr²

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34
Q

About Hippocrates

A
  1. Hippocrates

“Father of Medicine”

Invented Hippocratic oath [Ethical code for physicians “do not harm”]

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35
Q

About Herodotus

A

[Herodotus → Thucydides] Students of students.

  1. Herodotus

“Father of History”

Wrote on Greco Persian Wars

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36
Q

About Thucydides

A
  1. Thucydides

“Father of real” Due to his emphasis to facts.

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37
Q

Roman’s 3 Different ruling structure country titles.

A
  1. Roman Kingdom
  2. Roman Republic
  3. Roman Empire
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38
Q

How were Aristocrats and the Commons called in Rome.

A

The Patricians [Aristocrats]
The Plebian [Commons]

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39
Q

How was Rome’s highest powers called and how did they function with how many members and terms.

A

The Senate [Around 300 people, only high Aristocrats]
The Two Consuls [The Only Rank Higher than Senate]
To Maintain Justice among Consuls, there was always two.
1 Year Term was allowed every 10 Years [Many exceptions]

The Consul was to listen to The Senate, all except for the event of Emergency.

A Special Emergency law that allowed Dictatorship for 6 months time.

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40
Q

[Standard Model of Something]

A

Paradigm

41
Q

Rome was said to be founded by mythological -

A

Romulus.

42
Q

Library of Alexandria. It’s start, Rome’s influence, and Hypatia’s murder.

A

Before Alexander died he set out to create the Library of Alexandria

His successor, Ptolemy I, began it’s construction and ordered to bring all books in the world.

In fear of such knowledge, Julius Gaius Caesar in 48 BC laid out a siege.

While it was not fully burned down, trying to study it’s texts was forbidden.

In 415 AD Hypatia was murdered for trying to study the library’s Greek texts - blasphemy.

43
Q

Gaius Julius Caesar

A

Gaius Julius Caesar [100 BC - 44 BC]
Born high rank, however had to raise it back in war rank.
Eventually climbing up to the position of a Consul.
After the victory of a civil war against Pompey The Great - Dictator of Rome.
Assassinated by the Senate, including Brutus, whom he trusted.
Brutus was 41 years old by the time he stabbed a 55 year old Julius.

44
Q

Censor

A

[High-ranking Magistrate maintaining the census. Only ex-Consuls. Two selected every 5 years for 18 months. Leaving office often empty.]

45
Q

Census

A

[Systematically collecting, recording, analyzing information of a country/community]

46
Q

Marcus Junius Brutus

A

Marcus Junius Brutus
Played part in the assassination of Julius Caesar.
After it, lost a battle against Marcus Anthony & Octavian and killed himself.

47
Q

Marcus Anthony

A

Marcus Anthony

Second-In Command to Julius Caesar

Octavian & Agrippa vs Anthony & Cleopatra The Great [Anthony Lost, Octavian got crowned]

48
Q

Cleopatra The Great

A

Cleopatra The Great
The Last Pharaoh of Egypt.
Committed suicide with Mark Anthony.
Theory is that Anthony killed himself after hearing a false rumor of Cleopatra’s death.
With the sight of her lover dead, she had too killed herself with swallowing poison.

49
Q

Gaius Octavius Thurinus “Augustus”

A

Gaius Octavius Thurinus “Augustus”
Caesar’s great-nephew, The First Roman Emperor
Established Pax Romana [Roman Peace]

50
Q

[Formal/Voluntary Rejection/Surrender/ of a claim/title/privilege]

A

Renunciation

51
Q

Jesus’s crucification

A

In 30AD Jesus is Crucified by the command of high Jewish Court in Rome.

52
Q

Pax Romana

A

[Peace in Rome 27 BC - 180 AD]

53
Q

Emperor Trajan

A

Emperor Trajan
“The Perfect Emperor of Rome”
Unprecedented territorial expansion.
His reign seen as the apex of Roman’s Empire’s territorial reach and prosperity.

54
Q

Marcus Aurelius

A

Marcus Aurelius
The last of the “Five Good Emperors of Rome”
Considered one of the “Philosopher Emperors” for his great mind.
His Diary “Meditations” is an excellent philosophical book.

55
Q

Constantine the Great

A

Constantine the Great
The first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity.
His Constantinople leading to the rise of Byzantine Empire.
Issued “Edict of Milan” [Legalizing Christianity within Rome]

56
Q

Rome being conquered in 5th century.

A

In 476 AD Rome was conquered by barbarians.

57
Q

[People who didn’t speak Greek]

A

Barbarians

58
Q

Emperor Justinian I

A

Emperor Justinian I “Justinian The Great”

The most influential Byzantine Emperor

533 AD Published “The Digest” A Huge Law Book.

59
Q

Persian Empire is also known as - and why.

A

Achaemenid Empire, because it was founded by the Achaemenid Dynasty [Cyrus ancestors].

60
Q

Cyrus The Great

A

Cyrus The Great [600 BC - 530 BC]
A Persian Prince who founded the Achaemenid Empire
Captured Media, Babylonian Empires and Lydia’s Kingdom.

61
Q

The First Declaration of Human rights

A

Cyrus Cylinder [559 BC]

62
Q

Darius I The Great

A

Darius I The Great
Built the Royal Road
Constructed Persepolis, still existing in todays Iran.
Divided the Empire into 20 satrapies [Provinces]
Unified currency daric [gold coin], siglos [silver coin]

63
Q

Conquered people in Persian/Achaemenid Empire were allowed to maintain 3 important things:

A
  1. Religion.
  2. Languages.
  3. Cultures.
64
Q

[Ancient system of underground tunnels to transport water]

A

Qanat

65
Q

[Clever/Inventive/Original]

A

Ingenious

66
Q

[Artificial application of water to land/soil to support growth]

A

Irrigation

67
Q

Egypt’s 3 periods:

A
  1. Old Kingdom - The Age of Pyramids
  2. Middle Kingdom
  3. New Kingdom
68
Q

Nile’s floods

A

The Nile’s yearly flood was to occur between June and September.

It changed due to construction of Aswan High Dam in 1970 for better.

69
Q

God’s Representative on Earth, A King in Egypt]

A

Pharaoh

70
Q

[Divine and Secular powers were Intertwined]

A

Theocracy

71
Q

[Not related to religion or spiritual matters]

A

Secular

72
Q

[Created by Egyptians, one of the first forms of paper]

A

Papyrus

73
Q

[An Egypt’s Guide on the journey through afterlife]

A

The Book Of The Dead

74
Q

Ancient China’s 5 main Dynasties

A
  1. Xia Dynasty
  2. Shang Dynasty
  3. Zhou Dynasty
  4. Qin Dynasty
  5. Han Dynasty
75
Q

About Qin Dynasty

A

Qin Dynasty

First Dynasty unifying China

Began Construction of the Great Wall of China

76
Q

About Han Dynasty

A

Han Dynasty [206 BC - 220 AD]

“The Golden Age Of China”

Silk Road, Paper

After Han Dynasty, China broke into “Thee Kingdoms Period” [220 AD - 280 AD]

Novel written in 14th c. “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” - one of the four classical Chinese novels.

After it, continued ruling with Dynasties until 1912 AD

77
Q

[Series of rulers from the same family]

A

Dynasty

78
Q

[Concept Justifying Emperors and why they rulers change]

A

Mandate of Heaven

79
Q

[Distributing power from the central]

A

Decentralizing

80
Q

4 Most influential philosophies of Ancient China:

A
  1. Confucianism [Ethical]
  2. Legalism [Practical]
  3. Taoism [Spiritual]
  4. Buddhism [Spiritual]
81
Q

Silk Road

A

Silk Road [130 BC - 1450 AD]

Trade routes connecting China, Central Asia, India to Europe, the Middle East

Collection of overland and maritime trade paths.

82
Q

[Anything related to the sea, ocean or shipping]

A

Maritime

83
Q

Early Americans, civilizations in Mesoamerica [3]:

A

The main ones: [Mexico - Honduras - Peru - Argentina]

  1. Mayan Civilization
  2. Inca Civilization
  3. Aztec Civilization
84
Q

[Belief in multiple gods]

A

Polytheism

85
Q

[Belief in a single god]

A

Monotheism

86
Q

[Belief in no god]

A

Non-theistic

87
Q

Judaism and Abraham

A

Judaism emerged around 2000 BC

Abraham [ Between 2000 BC - 1800 BC]

“Father of many nations”

Founding Patriarch of Israelites [Descendants of Jacob]

A Covenant with God, a man of Model Faith.

Unifies Judaism, Christianity, Islam.

Abraham made a covenant with God, through this covenant he would gain great treasures.

In exchange, Abraham was instructed to circumcise himself and all male member of the household.

88
Q

[Formal agreement/promise between God]

A

Covenant

89
Q

[Blending of different religions into a new framework]

A

Syncretism

90
Q

Ancient India 3 Empires:

A
  1. Maurya Empire
  2. Gupta Empire
  3. Kushan Empire
91
Q

8 Main Religions and their start years

A
  1. Hinduism [2300 BC]
  2. Judaism [2000 BC]
  3. Zoroastrianism [1500 BC]
  4. Buddhism [563 BC]
  5. Confucianism [551 BC]
  6. Taoism [500 BC]
  7. Christianity [33 AD]
  8. Islam [610 AD]
92
Q

[Rejection/Destruction of religious images/icons/symbols]

A

Iconoclasm

93
Q

[Worship of an idol or an object as a god]

A

Idolatry

94
Q

[Renouncement of all unnecessary comforts]

A

Asceticism

95
Q

[Self-sufficiency with own resources]

A

Autarky

96
Q

[Doubtful in authenticity]

A

Apocryphal

97
Q

[Highest Point of Something]

A

Apex

98
Q

[Official order to do something]

A

Mandate

99
Q

[A fundamental principle/statement that is accepted as true without proof]

A

Axioms

History (7 decks)

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