Ancient History Flashcards
1
Q
Years of:
1. Bronze Age
2. Iron Age
3. Classical Age
A
- [3000BC - 1200BC]
- [1200BC - 500BC]
- [500BC - 500AD]
2
Q
[Bronze Era] 3 Main Nations of Mesopotamia’s region.
A
- Sumerians
- Akkadians
- Babylonians
3
Q
[Bronze Era] The 4 civilizations [Excluding Mesopotamia’s region].
A
- Ancient Egypt
- The Indus Valley [IVC]
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient China
4
Q
[Earliest writing system by Mesopotamia’s Sumerians]
A
Cuneiform [3100BC]
5
Q
[Bronze Era] The Invention of the first Wheel
A
[Sumerians 3500BC]
6
Q
[Iron Age] The First Superpower
A
Neo-Assyrian Empire [911BC]
7
Q
[Religious Temples by Sumerians]
A
Ziggurats
8
Q
[Anything related to Agriculture]
A
Agrarian
9
Q
[Storage facility for grains]
A
Granary
10
Q
[Entire collection of gods from a group, etc. Greek Pantheon]
A
Pantheon
11
Q
Translated “Mesopotamia” and “Meso”
A
[Area Between Rivers] [Middle]
12
Q
[Bronze Era] The first Emperor
A
[Sargon The Great of Akkad]
13
Q
Judaism and Abraham
A
Judaism emerged around 2000 BC
Abraham [ Between 2000 BC - 1800 BC]
“Father of many nations”
Founding Patriarch of Israelites [Descendants of Jacob]
A Covenant with God, a man of Model Faith.
Unifies Judaism, Christianity, Islam.
Abraham made a covenant with God, through this covenant he would gain great treasures.
In exchange, Abraham was instructed to circumcise himself and all male member of the household.
14
Q
[Bronze Era] Sumeru’s biggest city
A
[Ur with population of 40k]
15
Q
[Strengthening a place in preparation of an attack]
A
Fortification
16
Q
[Concept of a ruler chosen by God]
A
Divine Kingship
17
Q
Nomadic life
A
[Lifestyle of moving] Opposite of sedentary.
18
Q
[Lifestyle centered around livestock]
A
Pastoral life
19
Q
A.D
A
Anno Domini [In The Year of Our Lord]
20
Q
Ancient Greece’s 5 Ages
A
- The Greek Dark Ages
- Archaic Period
- The Classic Period
- Hellenistic Period
- The Roman Period
21
Q
Who had taken Ancient Greece over?
A
First the Byzantine Empire, then went under Ottoman rule.
22
Q
Who united the Greeks and when.
A
Alexander’s The Great Father Philip II united the Greeks into one [338 BC]
23
Q
Before the Ancient Greeks were united, what were the city-states called.
A
Polises.
24
Q
[Egypt’s ex-Capital for 1000 years and where Alexander is buried]
A
Alexandria
25
When was "The Golden Age of Greece"
[480BC - 404BC]
26
[Assembly/Shared space to cement social identity]
Agora
27
What is 'Hellenistic Period'?
[Era Between the Death of Alexander the Great 323 BC and rise of the Roman Empire marked by the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC]
28
About Socrates
1. Socrates
Socratic Method/Elenchus [Askins a series of specific questions for a challenge]
“I know that I know nothing”
Did not leave any written works, refused to use the pen over words.
Sentenced to death by poison for “poisoning the youth”.
29
About Plato
1. Plato
Founded “Academy of Athens” in 387BC
Wrote extensively, ex “The Republic”
30
About Aristotle
1. Aristotle
Found “Lyceum” [Prominent school of philosophy]
Alexander's The Great Teacher
31
About Antisthenes
[Antisthenes → Diogenes] Students of students.
1. Antisthenes
Discipline of Socrates
Key figure in development of Cynicism [Rejection of social constructs]
32
About Diogenes of Sinope
1. Diogenes of Sinope
Was called “The Embodiment of Cynicism”
Radical [Extreme] Asceticism [Renouncement of all unnecessary comforts]
33
About Euclid
1. Euclid
“The Father of Geometry”
Wrote “Elements” [13 books representing STEM logic base]
34
About Archimedes
1. Archimedes
“Father of Mathematics”
Invented A = **πr²**
35
About Hippocrates
1. Hippocrates
“Father of Medicine”
Invented Hippocratic oath [Ethical code for physicians “do not harm”]
36
About Herodotus
[Herodotus → Thucydides] Students of students.
1. Herodotus
“Father of History”
Wrote on Greco Persian Wars
37
About Thucydides
1. Thucydides
“Father of real” Due to his emphasis to facts.
38
Roman's 3 Different ruling structure country titles.
1. Roman Kingdom
2. Roman Republic
3. Roman Empire
39
How were Aristocrats and the Commons called in Rome.
The Patricians [Aristocrats]
The Plebian [Commons]
40
How was Rome's highest powers called and how did they function with how many members and terms.
The Senate [Around 300 people, only high Aristocrats]
The Two Consuls [The Only Rank Higher than Senate]
To Maintain Justice among Consuls, there was always two.
1 Year Term was allowed every 10 Years [Many exceptions]
The Consul was to listen to The Senate, all except for the event of Emergency.
A Special Emergency law that allowed Dictatorship for 6 months time.
41
[Standard Model of Something]
Paradigm
42
Rome was said to be founded by mythological -
Romulus.
43
Library of Alexandria. It's start, Rome's influence, and Hypatia's murder.
Before Alexander died he set out to create the Library of Alexandria
His successor, Ptolemy I, began it’s construction and ordered to bring all books in the world.
In fear of such knowledge, Julius Gaius Caesar in 48 BC laid out a siege.
While it was not fully burned down, trying to study it’s texts was forbidden.
In 415 AD Hypatia was murdered for trying to study the library’s Greek texts - blasphemy.
44
Gaius Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar [100 BC - 44 BC]
Born high rank, however had to raise it back in war rank.
Eventually climbing up to the position of a Consul.
After the victory of a civil war against Pompey The Great - Dictator of Rome.
Assassinated by the Senate, including Brutus, whom he trusted.
Brutus was 41 years old by the time he stabbed a 55 year old Julius.
45
Censor
[High-ranking Magistrate maintaining the census. Only ex-Consuls. Two selected every 5 years for 18 months. Leaving office often empty.]
46
Census
[Systematically collecting, recording, analyzing information of a country/community]
47
Marcus Junius Brutus
Marcus Junius Brutus
Played part in the assassination of Julius Caesar.
After it, lost a battle against Marcus Anthony & Octavian and killed himself.
48
Marcus Anthony
Marcus Anthony
Second-In Command to Julius Caesar
Octavian & Agrippa vs Anthony & Cleopatra The Great [Anthony Lost, Octavian got crowned]
49
Cleopatra The Great
Cleopatra The Great
The Last Pharaoh of Egypt.
Committed suicide with Mark Anthony.
Theory is that Anthony killed himself after hearing a false rumor of Cleopatra’s death.
With the sight of her lover dead, she had too killed herself with swallowing poison.
50
Gaius Octavius Thurinus “Augustus”
Gaius Octavius Thurinus “Augustus”
Caesar’s great-nephew, The First Roman Emperor
Established Pax Romana [Roman Peace]
51
[Formal/Voluntary Rejection/Surrender/ of a claim/title/privilege]
Renunciation
52
Jesus's crucification
In 30AD Jesus is Crucified by the command of high Jewish Court in Rome.
53
Pax Romana
[Peace in Rome 27 BC - 180 AD]
54
Emperor Trajan
Emperor Trajan
“The Perfect Emperor of Rome”
Unprecedented territorial expansion.
His reign seen as the apex of Roman’s Empire’s territorial reach and prosperity.
55
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius
The last of the “Five Good Emperors of Rome”
Considered one of the “Philosopher Emperors” for his great mind.
His Diary “Meditations” is an excellent philosophical book.
56
Constantine the Great
Constantine the Great
The first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity.
His Constantinople leading to the rise of Byzantine Empire.
Issued “Edict of Milan” [Legalizing Christianity within Rome]
57
Rome being conquered in 5th century.
In 476 AD Rome was conquered by barbarians.
58
[People who didn’t speak Greek]
Barbarians
59
Emperor Justinian I
Emperor Justinian I “Justinian The Great”
The most influential Byzantine Emperor
533 AD Published “The Digest” A Huge Law Book.
60
Persian Empire is also known as - and why.
Achaemenid Empire, because it was founded by the Achaemenid Dynasty [Cyrus ancestors].
61
Cyrus The Great
Cyrus The Great [600 BC - 530 BC]
A Persian Prince who founded the Achaemenid Empire
Captured Media, Babylonian Empires and Lydia’s Kingdom.
62
The First Declaration of Human rights
Cyrus Cylinder [559 BC]
63
Darius I The Great
Darius I The Great
Built the Royal Road
Constructed Persepolis, still existing in todays Iran.
Divided the Empire into 20 satrapies [Provinces]
Unified currency daric [gold coin], siglos [silver coin]
64
Conquered people in Persian/Achaemenid Empire were allowed to maintain 3 important things:
1. Religion.
2. Languages.
3. Cultures.
65
[Ancient system of underground tunnels to transport water]
Qanat
66
[Clever/Inventive/Original]
Ingenious
67
[Artificial application of water to land/soil to support growth]
Irrigation
68
8 Main Religions and their start years
1. Hinduism [2300 BC]
2. Judaism [2000 BC]
3. Zoroastrianism [1500 BC]
4. Buddhism [563 BC]
5. Confucianism [551 BC]
6. Taoism [500 BC]
7. Christianity [33 AD]
8. Islam [610 AD]
69
Egypt's 3 periods:
1. Old Kingdom - The Age of Pyramids
2. Middle Kingdom
3. New Kingdom
70
God’s Representative on Earth, A King in Egypt]
Pharaoh
71
[Divine and Secular powers were Intertwined]
Theocracy
72
[Not related to religion or spiritual matters]
Secular
73
[Created by Egyptians, one of the first forms of paper]
Papyrus
74
[An Egypt's Guide on the journey through afterlife]
The Book Of The Dead
75
Ancient China's 5 main Dynasties
1. Xia Dynasty
2. Shang Dynasty
3. Zhou Dynasty
4. Qin Dynasty
5. Han Dynasty
76
About Qin Dynasty
Qin Dynasty
First Dynasty unifying China
Began Construction of the Great Wall of China
77
About Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty [206 BC - 220 AD]
“The Golden Age Of China”
Silk Road, Paper
After Han Dynasty, China broke into “Thee Kingdoms Period” [220 AD - 280 AD]
Novel written in 14th c. “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” - one of the four classical Chinese novels.
After it, continued ruling with Dynasties until 1912 AD
78
[Series of rulers from the same family]
Dynasty
79
[Concept Justifying Emperors and why they rulers change]
Mandate of Heaven
80
[Distributing power from the central]
Decentralizing
81
4 Most influential philosophies of Ancient China:
1. Confucianism [Ethical]
2. Legalism [Practical]
3. Taoism [Spiritual]
4. Buddhism [Spiritual]
82
Silk Road
Silk Road [130 BC - 1450 AD]
Trade routes connecting China, Central Asia, India to Europe, the Middle East
Collection of overland and maritime trade paths.
83
[Anything related to the sea, ocean or shipping]
Maritime
84
[Belief in multiple gods]
Polytheism
85
[Belief in a single god]
Monotheism
86
[Belief in no god]
Non-theistic
87
[Formal agreement/promise between God]
Covenant
88
[Blending of different religions into a new framework]
Syncretism
89
[Rejection/Destruction of religious images/icons/symbols]
Iconoclasm
90
[Worship of an idol or an object as a god]
Idolatry
91
[Renouncement of all unnecessary comforts]
Asceticism
92
[Self-sufficiency with own resources]
Autarky
93
[Doubtful in authenticity]
Apocryphal
94
[Highest Point of Something]
Apex
95
[Official order to do something]
Mandate
96
[A fundamental principle/statement that is accepted as true without proof]
Axioms
