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Developmental concepts > Middle Age > Flashcards

Middle Age Flashcards

1
Q

Middle Age (yrs)

A

~40-65yrs

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2
Q

Erikson’s stage during midlife

A

generativity vs stagnation

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3
Q

generativity

A

reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation

EX: parenting, work mentors, coach, volunteer, etc

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4
Q

midlife crisis

A

period of transition in life where someone struggles with their identity and self confidence

  • usually happens b/w 40-60 yrs and affects men and women
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5
Q

social considerations in middle aged adults

A
  • what is their role?
  • what are there functional needs?
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6
Q

Role’s in midlife ex:

A

parent, marital status, work status, hobbies, etc

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7
Q

functional needs in middle age ex:

A

work expectations, house work, care giver, etc

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8
Q

Vision changes in middle age

A
  • presbyopia (~45yrs): loss of accommodative ability of the lens (reading glasses may be needed)
    -reduced vision in dim light
  • increased sensitivity to glare
  • diminished color discrimination
  • risk of glaucoma increases (inc the need of regular eye exams)
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9
Q

Hearing changes in middle age

A
  • presbycusis: age related hearing loss, begins with a decline in detection of high frequencies and then spreads to other tones
  • the ability to distinguish sounds occurring in close succession declines and eventually human speech become harder to decipher (ex: if multiple ppl are talking at the same time)
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10
Q

skin changes in middle age

A
  • skin wrinkles, loosens, and dries
  • age spots develop
  • precancerous lesions or spots
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11
Q

muscle changes in middle age

A
  • muscle strength declines at age 30
  • each decade has 5% of muscle mass loss
  • increased occurrence of muscle strains
  • decreased strength and endurance
  • fat deposits increase
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12
Q

LE muscular strength is reduced by __ between ages ___ - ____

A

40%, 30-80yrs

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13
Q

low fat diet and regular exercise (including resistance training) can:

A

offset weight gain and muscle loss

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14
Q

Bone changes in middle age

A

-osteoporosis
- fractures in the spine, hips, and/or wrists

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15
Q

osteoporosis

A
  • sever age related bone loss
  • may not be evident until a fracture occurs
  • dexa scan can be used to measure bone density
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16
Q

___% of US adults aged ___ have osteroporosis

A

10%, 50+

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17
Q

___ people over the age of __, mostly ____, in the US have osteoporosis

A

10 million people over the age of 50, mostly women

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18
Q

from middle to late adult hood, osteoporosis increases ____ in women (__%-__%) and ____ in men (__%-__%)

A

women: fivefold, (7%-35%)
men: triples (3%-11%)

19
Q

treatment of osteoporosis

A
  • diet enriched with calcium and vitamin D
  • weight bearing exercise
  • resistance training
  • bone strengthening medications
20
Q

balance changes in middle age

A
  • coordination declines in the 30s (before middle age)
  • more active individuals do not experience as much change
21
Q

Vestibular system changes in middle age

A
  • dec number of sensory cells and nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system
  • possible neural changes in the vestibular nerve
  • decline in function with aging
  • dizziness and vertigo; common issue over 50
  • reduction in hair cells & peripheral nerve fibers over the age of 70
  • deterioration in central vestibular integrative functions leading to impaired balance
  • increased thresholds of excitation of vestibular nuclei
  • vestibular system become unreliable when visual and proprioceptive input conflicts
22
Q

dizziness and vertigo; common issue over __

A

50

23
Q

deterioration in ______ _____ _____ functions leading to impaired balance

A

central vestibular integrative

24
Q

___% reduction in hair cells & ____% reduction in peripheral nerve fibers over the age of ___

A

40%, 36%, 70yrs

25
Q

stages of menopause

A

perimenopause, menopause, postmenopause

26
Q

menopause

A

ovaries begin to atrophy which causes a decline in the production of hormones that stimulate the menstrual cycle; estrogen and progesterone
- absence of menses for 12 straight months
- can no longer get pregnant
- ~51 yrs old

27
Q

perimenopause

A
  • ~3-5 years before menopause
  • age varies, most notice symtoms in mid to late 40s (rare to have any before 40)
  • estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate
  • symptoms: mood changes, irregular menstrual cycle, & other menopause symptoms
  • CAN still get pregnant (birth control is recommended)
28
Q

average age of menopause

A

51

29
Q

Postmenopause

A
  • ovaries produce low levels of estrogen & progesterone but no longer ovulate on menstruate
  • perimenopause and menopause symptoms may continue but do dissipate
30
Q

Post menopause stage is a risk factor for

A

heart disease and osteoporosis due to decrease in estrogen

31
Q

menopause symptom management

A
  • healthy diet, regular exercise, and lifestyle modifications
  • hormone replacement therapy and other medications can be used if QOL is disrupted
32
Q

adropause

A
  • low testosterone
  • the symptoms men experience as their testosterone production levels decrease with age
  • starts ~ age 40
33
Q

Cardiopulmonary system changes in middle age

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • high bp, high cholesterol, & atherosclerosis are referred to as silent killers of CVD bc they often have no symptoms
  • dec hr (74-76bpm), dec resp rate (10-20)
34
Q

heart rate in middle adulthood

A
  • 74-76bpm
  • decreasing with age
35
Q

respiratory rate in middle adulthood

A
  • 10-20 breaths per minute
  • decreasing with age
36
Q

___% of Americans who die in middle age die from ___

A

25%, CVD

37
Q

silent killers of CVD

A
  • high blood pressure, high cholesterol, & atherosclerosis
  • often have no symptoms
38
Q

Heart disease

A
  • 2nd most common cause of death in people 40-65yrs (more men than women)
39
Q

Leading cause of death in middle age people

A

cancer (more men than women)

40
Q

most common types of cancer in middle age

A
  1. men: prostate, women: breast
  2. lung
  3. colon
41
Q

from early to middle adulthood, the death rate due to cancer multiplies ___, accounting for ~ ___% of all midlife deaths in the US

A

tenfold, 30%

42
Q

Wellness and prevention in middle age

A
  • mammogram
  • colonoscopy
  • regular skin checks
  • diet
  • exercise
43
Q

in middle age, there are ______ thresholds of excitation of vestibular nuclei

A

increased

Developmental concepts (6 decks)

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