MID TUDOR CRISIS Flashcards
Evidence for Mid Tudor Crisis (foreign policy)
- inherited from Henry
- Political vacuum
- Forts difficult to garrison
- Somerset wanted to assert Edward’s claim to Scottish throne
- Donbar and Edinburgh not captured following Pinkie
- Financing war raised 537000 of tax which added to inflation
- Mary QOS taken to marry French king in 1548 - against treaty of grenwich 1543
- Inherited bad relations (were at war with Scotland) and had lost Ancum Moor in 1545
- Port of Brest - Carlisle instead 1558
- Mary Dragged into war with the Pope (PAUL IV) because of marriage to Phillip in 1554. 1558 - nephew of Reginald pope (trusted advisor who had distanced himself from secular issues)
- This cumulated in loss of Calais
Evidence against Mid Tudor Crisis (FP)
- battle of pinkie won 47??
- Nobility could redeem themselves
- Writings could lend bias towards religious issues and succession
- Siege of St Quentin 1557
- Bologne sold for 133,333 1550
- Garrisons stopped by Northumberland
- Naval and military reforms - 6 new ships - foundations for the Spanish Armada
Evidence for mid Tudor crisis - Society
- PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE - 40,000 people involved - result of DofMs
2 rebellions! Ketts - 15,000 involved and was a result of foldcourse system, maladminustratioj of the Howards. KETT - neoman farmer. Against enclosure. SHEEP TAX - Western (prayer book: LATIN TO ENGLISH) introduction of religious practices (Protestantism) -> dissolution of chantries and religious guilds, 1547 - injunctions (attack of popular Catholicism). No lights, processions
- Cornwall and Devon combined took over Exeter. 7,000
- Both threatened national security as they didn’t have the resources, troops guarding the garrison and the potential of French invasion
- Wyat (1554) against marriage with Phillip (maybe religion - Maidstone - Protestant stronghold) - sir Thomas Wyatt
- Devyse !!
Evidence against Mid Tudor Crisis (society)
- welfare laws, converted pasture land to Tillich
1550- sheep tax repealed
1550 – New Treason Act, re-imposed censorship and helped to restore law and order.
- was never any serious threat to the throne
- Religious strictness not as bad as it was elsewhere
- Treaty of marriage with Phillip appeased many (said he couldn’t have any claim to the throne, etc)
- Mary welcomed as queen
Evidence for Mid Tudor Crisis (economy)
Henry VIII total expenses 1544-1547 came to £2.1 million, only raised £650,000 in subsidies and £270,000 in forced loans, Edward inherited deep financial problems.
Debt owed domestically and abroad, for example £100,000 owed to the Antwerp market.
expensive foreign policy. Over 530000 raised in tax
- Swearing sicknes, influenza, bad harvest
1547 – Vagrancy Act, ordered the church and local authorities to provide relief for the impotent poor, however any idle poor unemployed for more than three days were considered a vagrant
- Remitted final part of Edward’s subsidy to help with theee problems which brought short term popularity but ultimately not successful
Evidence against Mid Tudor Crisis (Economy)
- Debasement coinage from 1544, raised £363,000 in Henry VIII’s reign, increased to £1.27 million in Edward’s reign. -
1554 – Recommendations of the financial commission established under Northumberland were implemented
Court of first fruit and tenths and court of Aug merged - court of exchequer- improved financial administration
Plan for recoinage drawn up 1558
- Bologne sold
- Mary left not in huge debt despite all that had happened.
- Book of rates was introduced in 1558 which put taxes on imports and exports.
- Lord Treasurer William Paulet was knowledgeable and competent
Evidence for mid Tudor crisis (government)
- regency council - 16 members and 12 to assist them. Was too young…
- Often Somerset was dislikable due to his arrogance and made enemies, like Warwick
- Devyse!
- Mary sometimes fell out with her parliament, for example a bill in to take the land of Protestants
- Mary had difficulty changing the religion as many were Protestant and she had to rely on those who had served Edward earlier in his reign, for example
- She and her trusted advisors (waldegrave, rochester …) were not experienced
- Pole distanced
- 80mps opposed reversal of religious leg
- 50 chancellors throughout her reign. - factional rivalry
- Bill wanting Phillip to become king opposed 1555
FP mid Tudor crisis Henry’s reign
Captured Boulogne in 1544.
- Treaty of Ardres (1546).
- Auld Alliance between France and Scotland remained.
- Allied with Charles V against France
- Treaty of Greenwich 1543 – Edward VI promised to Mary, Queen of Scots.REJECTED
- Won Battle of Salway Moss
