GOVERNMENT HVIII Flashcards
Changes to government under Wolsey
RE ESTABLISHED Court of Chancery: upheld ‘fair justice’ , but took time and became full
Star Chamber: used to dispense cheap justice - enabled poor to speak out against nobles. Established by 1487 act of parliament - 120 cases.
Court of Requests - 1518 - low cost, quick decisions.
Parliament called 9 times.
PRIVY CHAMBER - Wolsey began to control after 1519 - new minions appointed.
1523 subsidy - assessed taxpayer’s wealth
1523 parliament - demanded subsidy of 800,000 (150,000 collected)
Amicable grant 1525 - clergy expected to pay tax of 1/3 of goods. Sparked rebellion of 4,000
Eltham ordinances 1526 - reduced no. Of people in Privy Council to a compact, working council. They would have been free from private affairs and capable of giving attention to all the important issues of the government. FAILED because of the Great matter
Replaced Sir William Compton with Henry Norris
What happened to Wolsey with the great matter
Leviticus said ‘not to sleep with a brother’s wife’ - but Catherine claimed she didn’t sleep with Arthur.
Attempted to get the case heard at Blackfriars (march 1529) but was adjourned to Rome under canon (church) law.
Eventually W charged with praemunire the (assertion or maintenance of papal jurisdiction over supremacy of the monarch).
Evidence for CONSTITUTIONAL revolution
ACT OF RESTRAINT OF APPEALS 1533 - Prevented appeal to Rome.
Cromwell wrote that the king had divine authority and that England was an empire - act of union incorporated Wales into England 1536
Act against Liberties and Franchises took away authority of leading nobles such as the Prince Bishop of Durham
Cromwell made Vicar General in 35 which helped him deal with Rome
Restrint of Annnates, 34- stopped payments to Rome- allowed Henry to appoint bishops
Evidence against Constitutional revolution
Henry already had much authority when it came to decision making - Pope only confirmed these choices
Henry could collect emergency taxation - also Pope rarely appealed to for legal reasons
Evidence for bureaucratic revolution
Elton - personal Monarchy.
Specialism introduced - privy council- only 20 people - trained lawyers and bureaucrats rather than nobles from wider ruling class
Cromwell became co-ordinating minister and personal administration now meant they were more loyal to the king - used by Elizabeth alongside Privy Chamber
Court of wards - inherited u21s property - feudal right
Court of FF10ths - payment from Rome
Court of Augmentations - land and finances from dissolution of the monasteries (court of general surveyors merged)
Evidence against bureaucratic revolution
STARKEY
Wolsey had already tried to redo finances - Eltham ordinances in 1536
King had a master of kings wards
Revolution in Parliament
Succession Act - Anne Boleyn children rightful heir
Treason Act - outlawed criticism of his marriage
1st fruit and tenths - all owners of ecclesiastical land to pass land to the king
Supremacy - control over the church
King in Parliament - stature law.
Abbots no longer represented and clergy a minority, instead relied on merchants/royal administrators
Now recognised as part of government
Evidence against revolution in parliament
Law by proclamation had the same force as statutes
Product of 30s? Not needed after resolving the Great Matter
Church had its own finance system and courts
King could call Parliament when he wanted
