Mid-term Flashcards
Why is culture referred to as blueprint for society?
way of life; all things that make up a civilization-belief, gov’t, language, social system, work
How does cultural diffusion occur?
contact or interaction with more than one culture; mix/blend usually through trade or migration
Define ethnocentrism.
Belief one’s culture is superior/China
What do Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle have in common?
Greek Philosophers
Which leader is associated with the expansion of Hellenistic Culture?
Alex the Great of Greek culture
Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables and a Senate under a republican form of government?
Rome
Which ancient civilization with the development of the alphabet ?
Phoenicians gave to Greece
What time period is associated with the formation of guilds and what is their purpose?
Middle Ages;; group of workers (trade) that work to standardize goods
Which two nations are linked by the Korean “cultural bridge”?
China and Japan
How did China’s ethnocentric view of itself as the “Middle Kingdom” impact its relationship with other cultures?
Limited and controlled contact with others
What philosophy had the greatest impact on Chinese history and their social order?
Confucianism
List the four geographic features that isolated China for centuries.
Himalaya Mountains, Gobi Desert, Pacific Ocean, jungles
Describe the central beliefs of Taoism.
Harmony with nature- China
What common goal are shared by followers of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism?
achieving piece and harmony with nature
Explain why educated people were held in high esteem in ancient China and Japan.
Key success and positions of power (gov’t)
Describe how the Knight’s code of Chivalry and the Samurai code of the Bushido are similar.
Honor code that promises protection
How were the policies regarding contact with other civilizations in the Ming Dynasty in China and the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan similar?
Isolated/ Closed-Door Policy
Why did the Chinese, Japanese, and Inca develop terrace farming?
Mountainous environment
Why are the Romans, Mongols, and the Incans considered to be empires?
Controlled vast territory including neighboring people
What factor led to the development of diverse cultures in Africa and South America before their contact with Europe?
Geographic isolation/ diversity (mountains rainforests, deserts
What elements are consistent with a golden age, such as the Golden Age of Muslim Culture?
Peace, Prosperity, Progress- achievements in art, math, intellectual
Which religion had the greatest influence over Mali and its leader Mansa Musa?
Muslim/ Islam
Which five African kingdoms are associated with developing trans-Sahara trade routes in order to gain wealth and power?
Ghana, Mali, Kush, Axum, Songhai
Which region and time period is associated with feudal kings exchanging fiefs (land) for service with lords, knights, peasants, and serfs?
W. Europe
Why were the Spanish conquistadors able to conquer Mayan, Aztec, and Incan land rapidly?
better weapons and technology
What time period is associated with the invention and use of caravels, astrolabs, and compasses?
Age of Exploration to the Americas
Which economic system is associated with the taking of colonies to gain vast resources and wealth?
Mercantalism
What is the most notable regarding the development of the Pre-Columbian civilizations of Latin American, the ancient Kingdoms of India’s Gupta Empire and ancient African trading kingdoms?
Developed without contact or aid from Europe/ without influence
What European action led to the destruction of many powerful African kingdoms and increased tribal warfare in Africa?
slave trade hastered the decline of African Kingdoms
According to supporters of mercantilism, why must a nation possess colonies?
Acquire as markets to sell to sell to and for natural resources/ raw materials
What event is associated with the end of regional isolation, merging of the hemispheres, and the start of European global domination?
Age of Exploration
Which event in associated with the concept that all individuals are born with natural born rights?
Enlightenment
What type of government is associated with the belief that a king’s power is derived from God?
Divine Right
Which term is most associated with the unification of Italy and Germany and/or the breakup of the Austria-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires?
Nationalism
Why did the French bourgeoisie support revolution in 1789?
Resented their lack of political power
Which European nation had the greatest impact of the development of Latin America in 1500s-1800s?
Spain
What happened to the size and power of the middle class as result of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution?
increased
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
Abundance of natural resources- coal, iron, water
How did the Industrial Revolution lead to the age of New Imperialism and growth of new European empires?
Taking colonies for natural resources, labor, markets to sell to
Which continent was mostly under French and British rule by the end of the 1800s?
Africa
Why are Louis XIV, Peter the Great and Suleiman the Magnificent considered to be absolute monarchs?
Total power, ruled without consent
Which document ended the Mexican Revolution and established a democratic republic?
Constitution of 1917
What type of government was established in China after the revolution of 1911?
Democratic Republic
List the primary causes of WWI: M.A.I.N.
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism/Industrialism/Independence, Nationalism
What was the League of Nations and why did it fail?
- Peace-keeping organization created after WWI
- Lacked membership and power
Which nation is associated with a revolution led by a former slave, Toussaint L’ Ouverture, following the success of the American Revolution?
Haiti against France
What was the goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China?
end foreign influence
Which event is most associated with the meeting of the Estates General, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, Robespierre, and his Reign of Terror?
French Revolution
Why did Japan begin empire building in the late 1800s, after the industrialization process began?
lack of natural resources
What caused the “scramble for Africa”?
European’s desire for/competition for valuable land and resources
What event marks the height of New Imperialism in Asia and Africa?
World War I
What type of government was taken out power as a result of the French Revolution, the Mexican Revolution, the Chinese Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution?
Totalitarian/autocrat
What was the theme of Thomas Malthus’ Principles of Population?
hoping to slow population growth
What did Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels encourage unhappy workers to do in an industrial, capitalist society?
overthrow the system
What did Wilson suggest regarding colonies in Europe, Asia, and Africa in his 14 Points for peace in 1918?
self-determination
What word best describes the mass killings of Armenians during World War I?
Genocide
What was the goal of the MEIJI Restoration?
Modernization, Emperor Meiji/Empire, Industrialization, Japan, Imperialism {westernization and studied western culture}
What term best describes the result of setting up British Protectorates in the Middle East?
Imperialism
What was the slogan of Lenin’s Bolshevik Revolution in Russia?
“Peace, Land, Bread”
What leader is closely associated with the New Economic Policy?
Vladimir Lenin
Define hastened
Encouraged/ increased
