History of the Middle East: Review Flashcards
What was the Code of Hammurabi?
- Mesopotamia/ Babylon leaders law-code
- first written set of laws
- based on social class (not fair) and harsh
What is Mesopotamia?
Area in M.E. aka. Fertile Crescent, Tigris and Euphrates; started out as a city-state Sumer, It’s now Iraq today
Compare a city-state and empire
Empire includes many city-states, Both have an independent gov’t
Holy books for Judaism, Islam, Christianity
Judaism: Torah; Islam: Koran; Christianity: Bible
What are the main similarities of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
Monotheism; After-life; Founded in M.E.;Set of rules for behavior
How are the Ten Commandments and the 5 Pillars of Faith similar?
guidelines for moral and ethical behavior
Which religion is paired with Diaspora, Zionism, and the Talmud?
Judaism
Which event linked European and Middle Eastern merchants leading to increased trade and cultural diffusion?
Crusades
List key achievements of the Golden Age of Muslim Culture
Peace, Propserity, progress- math, science, art, preserved European knowledge during Dark Ages- in Arabic
Which group was a victim of genocide in the Ottoman Empire during the WWI?
Armenian Genocide
Why was Palestine partitioned in 1947?
British created Israel for Jews, split land w/ Muslims
Describe beliefs of an Islamic Fundamentalist.
- Traditional/Orthodox
- non-modern/anti-westernization
What type of group will use bombings, kidnappings, and hijackings to further their cause?
terrorists
How were the leadership styles of Louis XIV, Ivan the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, Shah Reza Pahlavi, and Saddam Hussein similar?
Absolute power, centralized authority, ruled without consent
Which Middle Eastern leader worked to modernize Turkey in the late 1920s and 1930s?
Mustafa Kemel Ataturk (modern)
Why is the Suez Canal a vital trade route?
Connects Europe to Asia , Atlantic to Indian, Mediterranean to Red Sea
Which 1917 British Document promised land to Zionists indirectly leading to the Arab-Israeli conflict?
Balfour Declaration
Term for Jewish nationalism
Zionism
What is OPEC and how does it have a direct impact on most industrialized nations?
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
-controls oil production and pricing
Which term is most associated with Zionist, Palestinian, and Kurd desires for independent homelands?
nationalism-pride in one’s country and/or desire for self-rule
Which term is closely associated with Peter the Great, Kemel Ataturk, and Shah Pahlavi?
westernization
Why did the USA and USSR compete for influence in the Middle East during the Cold War?
strategic location
Which policy is most associated with the establishment of protectorates in the Middle East?
Imperialism
Which nation is most associated with the leadership of Suddam Hussein?
Iraq
Which country was established leading to the creation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the outbreak of several wars including the Six Day War and the Yom Kippur War?
Israel
Which event is most associated with both the Truman Doctrine and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
Cold war
What were two primary causes of the Iranian Revolution and the Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979?
- “Shah” failed to meet the needs of the people
- Shiite majority wanted to return to an Orthodox culture
What 1980s event in the Middle East East disrupted the economic development of Iran and Iraq?
Iran-Iraq War
What event set off the mass migration of Afghan refugees into Pakistan?
Soviet invasion-1979
Which two groups is the USA and the UN working to eliminate from Afghanistan?
Taliban and Al Queda
Name the founder and leader of the P.L.O.?
Palestinian Liberation Organization- Yesser Arafat
Which term is most associated with Muslim nationalism in the Middle East ?
Pan-Arabism
Why id the Middle East known as the cultural crossroads?
Connects 3 continents- African, European, and M.E. Cultures= Diversity
