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Global 10 > History of the Middle East: Review > Flashcards

History of the Middle East: Review Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Code of Hammurabi?

A
  • Mesopotamia/ Babylon leaders law-code
  • first written set of laws
  • based on social class (not fair) and harsh
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2
Q

What is Mesopotamia?

A

Area in M.E. aka. Fertile Crescent, Tigris and Euphrates; started out as a city-state Sumer, It’s now Iraq today

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3
Q

Compare a city-state and empire

A

Empire includes many city-states, Both have an independent gov’t

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4
Q

Holy books for Judaism, Islam, Christianity

A

Judaism: Torah; Islam: Koran; Christianity: Bible

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5
Q

What are the main similarities of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

A

Monotheism; After-life; Founded in M.E.;Set of rules for behavior

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6
Q

How are the Ten Commandments and the 5 Pillars of Faith similar?

A

guidelines for moral and ethical behavior

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7
Q

Which religion is paired with Diaspora, Zionism, and the Talmud?

A

Judaism

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8
Q

Which event linked European and Middle Eastern merchants leading to increased trade and cultural diffusion?

A

Crusades

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9
Q

List key achievements of the Golden Age of Muslim Culture

A

Peace, Propserity, progress- math, science, art, preserved European knowledge during Dark Ages- in Arabic

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10
Q

Which group was a victim of genocide in the Ottoman Empire during the WWI?

A

Armenian Genocide

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11
Q

Why was Palestine partitioned in 1947?

A

British created Israel for Jews, split land w/ Muslims

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12
Q

Describe beliefs of an Islamic Fundamentalist.

A
  • Traditional/Orthodox

- non-modern/anti-westernization

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13
Q

What type of group will use bombings, kidnappings, and hijackings to further their cause?

A

terrorists

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14
Q

How were the leadership styles of Louis XIV, Ivan the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, Shah Reza Pahlavi, and Saddam Hussein similar?

A

Absolute power, centralized authority, ruled without consent

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15
Q

Which Middle Eastern leader worked to modernize Turkey in the late 1920s and 1930s?

A

Mustafa Kemel Ataturk (modern)

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16
Q

Why is the Suez Canal a vital trade route?

A

Connects Europe to Asia , Atlantic to Indian, Mediterranean to Red Sea

17
Q

Which 1917 British Document promised land to Zionists indirectly leading to the Arab-Israeli conflict?

A

Balfour Declaration

18
Q

Term for Jewish nationalism

A

Zionism

19
Q

What is OPEC and how does it have a direct impact on most industrialized nations?

A

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

-controls oil production and pricing

20
Q

Which term is most associated with Zionist, Palestinian, and Kurd desires for independent homelands?

A

nationalism-pride in one’s country and/or desire for self-rule

21
Q

Which term is closely associated with Peter the Great, Kemel Ataturk, and Shah Pahlavi?

A

westernization

22
Q

Why did the USA and USSR compete for influence in the Middle East during the Cold War?

A

strategic location

23
Q

Which policy is most associated with the establishment of protectorates in the Middle East?

A

Imperialism

24
Q

Which nation is most associated with the leadership of Suddam Hussein?

A

Iraq

25
Q

Which country was established leading to the creation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the outbreak of several wars including the Six Day War and the Yom Kippur War?

A

Israel

26
Q

Which event is most associated with both the Truman Doctrine and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

Cold war

27
Q

What were two primary causes of the Iranian Revolution and the Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979?

A
  • “Shah” failed to meet the needs of the people

- Shiite majority wanted to return to an Orthodox culture

28
Q

What 1980s event in the Middle East East disrupted the economic development of Iran and Iraq?

A

Iran-Iraq War

29
Q

What event set off the mass migration of Afghan refugees into Pakistan?

A

Soviet invasion-1979

30
Q

Which two groups is the USA and the UN working to eliminate from Afghanistan?

A

Taliban and Al Queda

31
Q

Name the founder and leader of the P.L.O.?

A

Palestinian Liberation Organization- Yesser Arafat

32
Q

Which term is most associated with Muslim nationalism in the Middle East ?

A

Pan-Arabism

33
Q

Why id the Middle East known as the cultural crossroads?

A

Connects 3 continents- African, European, and M.E. Cultures= Diversity

Global 10 (10 decks)

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