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Anatomy Test Block III > Mid/hind gut and posterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

Mid/hind gut and posterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What supplies blood to the muscular part of the diaphragm?

A

musculophrenic a

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2
Q

What supplies blood to the under surface of the diaphragm?

A

inf. phrenic a.

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3
Q

What are the paired arteries that branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

inf. phrenic; renal; gonadal; common iliacs

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4
Q

The gonadal, either ovarian or testicular a., which side is higher up?

A

the left is slightly higher than the right

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5
Q

what are the branches of common iliac a. ?

A

external iliac - becomes femoral to supply lower extremities

internal iliac - supplies pelvic organs

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6
Q

What a. comes off the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta to supply the ventral surface of the sacrum?

A

median sacral

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7
Q

What are the branches of the SMA that supply the intestines?

A

middle colic: transverse colon
right colic: ascending colon
iliocolic: juction of ileum and cecum
intestinal branches: all of small bowel

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8
Q

What branches off the SMA to supply the entire small bowel?

A

intestinal branches

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9
Q

What are the branches of IMA that supply the intestines?

A

left colic: descending colon
sigmoidal branches: sigmoid colon
superior rectal (hemorrhoidal): last part of colon

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10
Q

What artery do the SMA and IMA use to anastomose around the colon?

A

marginal a.

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11
Q

In what three areas is the anastomoses of the colon weak?

A

near the splenic flexure, near the jxn of the ileum and cecum, and at the sigmoid colon

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12
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

part of the right crus that passes down to connect to the duodenojejunal flexure

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13
Q

Jejunum blood supply

A

short arcades, long vasa recti

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14
Q

ileum blood supply

A

long arcades, short vasa recti

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15
Q

what are the branches of the iliocolic a. ?

A

posterior and anterior cecal; ileal; appendicular

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16
Q

mesenteric ischemia

A

embolus to intestines; pain out of proportion to physical findings (no fever, normal white ct); gangrenous bowel - short window to fix will often lose part of bowl

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17
Q

What is a common cause of mesenteric ischemia?

A

a fib in elderly; clot originates from left atrium/auricle

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18
Q

Why would mesenteric ischemia not be due to an embolus from a clot in a leg vein?

A

from the leg viens travel into IVC, to the right atrium, r. ventricle, then to lung. would get PE from DVT

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19
Q

In Afib, if you throw a clot from the left side/auricle, what would occur?

A

stroke or mesenteric ischemia

20
Q

In afib, if you throw a clot from the right side, what would occur?

A

PE

21
Q

What exception would allow for a clot in the right auricle to cause mesenteric ischemia?

A

ASD or VSD - would pass from right to left side

22
Q

a vein w/ a capillary bed on each end = ?

A

portal vein

23
Q

What is the biggest portal vein in the body and what is it made up of?

A

hepatic portal vein; sup. mes, inf. mes and splenic v.

24
Q

Where do the veins come togehter to drain into the hepatic portal v?

A

portal triad in the free margin of the lesser omentum

25
Q

What is the make up of the hepatic portal vein?

A

post capillary - went from arteries to capillaries then veins so it’s deoxygenated blood but high in nutrients

26
Q

What supplies oxygen to the liver?

A

hepatic arteries off celiac trunk - not veins

27
Q

Where do caval blood and portal blood anastomse?

A

belly button; anus; esophagus; = portal blood intermixing w/ caval blood

28
Q

What are the characteristics of portal veins?

A

no valves - blood can go either way;

29
Q

What happens to the portal veins with cirrhosis?

A

portal blood can travel smoothly so it backs up in the vein = portal hypertension. = varicosities in the 3 anastomoses. esophageal, hemorrhoids and caput medusa

30
Q

What are the other effects of cirrhosis?

A

large liver, poor clotting, low albumin = acites

31
Q

porto-caval shunt

A

reduces portal hypertension via anastomsing the splenic vein w/ the left renal vein which diverts portal blood into the caval system

32
Q

internal hemorrhoids

A

hemorrhoids above the pectinate line; autonomics so painless

33
Q

external hemorrhoids

A

below pectinate line; somatic so painfull

34
Q

esophageal varicies

A

can rupture and bleed and since pts clot poorly keep bleeding into stomach and will vomit bright red blood

35
Q

What are the fatty lobes coming off the colon?

A

epiploic appendices

36
Q

tenia coli

A

3 bands of longitudinally arranged muscles that all meet at appendix

37
Q

Why does the colon appear wrinkled/draped?

A

haustra

38
Q

How to find appendix

A

follow the tenia coli inferiorly through the cecum

39
Q

Where is the appendix most often found?

A

64% of the time is folded under the cecum

40
Q

Where do the vagus n. and S2-4 find their post ganglionics?

A

within the organ

41
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

aka aganglionic megacolon; normally there are postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies w/i the muscle laters of the colon, in the disease the neurons fail to migrage (mostly related to S2-4) so no defication = stool and air in colon

42
Q

What are the primary retroperitoneal structures?

A

(behind parietal peritoneum) kidneys, ureters adrenal glands

43
Q

secondary retroperitoneal structures

A

part of duodenum; pancreas; ascending colon; descending colon

44
Q

Descrbe the aseymmetiry of the vessels in the abdomen

A

aorta is to the left of IVC, IVC is always on the right

45
Q

Why do you never put a pregnant woman on her right side?

A

would compress the IVC

46
Q

What is the greatest flexor of the hip?

A

iliopsoas (tendons of psoas and ilacus)

47
Q

Triple A

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm; once aorta is greater than 4cm in diameter it’s an aneursym; above 6cm need intervention

Anatomy Test Block III (5 decks)

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