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Anatomy Test Block III > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What ligament runs from the ASIS to the lateral margin of the pubic bone?

A

inguinal ligament

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2
Q

What divides the abdomen into upper and lower quadrants?

A

umbilicus

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3
Q

What level does the abdominal aorta divide into l and r common iliacs?

A

umbilicus

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4
Q

What is located w/i the RUQ?

A

r. lobe of liver; gallbladder; pylorus of stomach; duodeum; head of pancreas; r. kidney; ascending colon, hepatic flexure, r. 1/2 of transverse colon

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5
Q

What is located w/i the LUQ?

A

left lobe of liver; spleen; stomach; jejunum and proximal ileum; body and tail of pancreas; l. kidney; left 1/2 of transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon

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6
Q

What is located w/i the RLQ?

A

majority of ileum; cecum and apendix; ascending colong; ureter

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7
Q

What is located w/i the LLQ?

A

descending colon; sigmoid colon; l. ureter

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8
Q

Starting from superficial to deep, what are the layers of the abterior abdominal wall?

A

skin; Campers fascia; Scarpa fascia; investing fascias (around muscles); transversalis fascia; extraperitoneal fat; parietal peritoneum

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9
Q

What are the two layers of subutaneous tissue or superficial fascias of the abdomen?

A

Campers: superficial fatty layer
Scarpa: deep membraous layer

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10
Q

The superficial fascia (campers and scarpa) of anterior abdominal wall is continuous with what?

A

penis and scrotum; bruising in abdomen would show up thereb/c all in same plane

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11
Q

The sheaths of what two muscles wrap around the rectus abdominus?

A

external and interal abdominal obliques

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12
Q

rectus abdominis OI

A

arise from ribs and insert on pubic bone area

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13
Q

Vertebral levels of belly button and pubic bone

A

T10: belly button
T12: pubic bone

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14
Q

Innervation of all abdominal muscles?

A

ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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15
Q

What is the landmark that separates the internal oblique from transverse abdominis?

A

neurovascular bundles b/w the two

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16
Q

The aponeurosis of the flat abdominal muscles forms what?

A

rectus sheath (w/ anterior and posterior layers)

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17
Q

The bilateral rectus sheaths fuse in the midline to form what?

A

linea alba

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18
Q

What is the outer border of the rectus sheath?

A

linea semilunaris

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19
Q

What are the contents of the rectus sheath?

A

rectus abdominis muscle; sup. and inf. epigastric vessels; lymphatic vessels; thoracoabdominal nerves

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20
Q

Below the belly button, what is the orientation of the rectus sheath and rectus abdominal muscle?

A

all 3 aponeuroses go infront of rectus muscle

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21
Q

Above the belly button, what is the orienation of the rectus sheath and abdominis muscle?

A

the aponeuroses of external oblique and half of internal oblique go in front and the other half of internal oblique and transverses abdominis go behind

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22
Q

At what point to all the aponeuroses go infront of the rectus muscle?

A

at the arcuate line

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23
Q

What is the only thing located behind the rectus abdominis muscles below the arcuate line?

A

transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat and parietal peritoneum

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24
Q

The internal thoracic artery divides into what?

A

musculophrenic for blood supply to diaphragm and also superior epigastric

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25
Where does superior epigastric a. run?
b/w rectus abdominis muscle and posterior rectus sheath
26
Inferior epigastric is a branch of what?
external iliac a. (branch of femoral)
27
Describe the anastamosis b/w the superior and inferior epigastric arteries
the inferior epigastric ascends between rectus abdominis and posterior rectus sheath to anastamose w/ superior epigastric
28
caput medusa
varicose veins created by insufficient blood flow through the portal system; usually liver failure
29
What creates the median umbilical fold?
uracus (embryological remnant)
30
What creates the 2 medial umbilical folds?
obliterated umbilical artery
31
What creates the 2 lateral umbilical folds?
inferior epigastric vessels
32
How is the inguinal canal formed?
the inferior margin of the external abdominal aponeurosis attaches at the ASIS and pubic tubercle and rolls under onto itself to make the canal
33
What ligaments form the superficial inguinal ring?
medial and lateral crural ligaments - they help the opening from unzipping
34
What makes the roof of the inguinal canal?
fibers of internal oblique and transverse abdominis
35
What makes the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
external oblique aponeurosis
36
What is w/i the inguinal canal for males and females?
males: spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve femalse: ilioinguinal n. and round ligament
37
posteior wall of inguinal canal
transversalis
38
floor of inguinal canal
inguinal ligament
39
What forms the conjoint tendon?
transversus abdominis and internal abdominal oblique
40
location of the deep inguinal ring
lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (superficial ring is medial to it)
41
What stuctures are located w/i Hesselbach's triangle?
medial umbilical fold and superficial inguinal ring
42
Dartos layer
scrotal layer that is a continuation of superficial fascia of the abdominal wall
43
Cremasteric fascia and muscle are a continuatino of?
internal abdominal oblique. it raises and lowers testicles
44
What type of reflex is the cremester reflex?
cutaneous
45
What anchors the testicles in place?
gubernaculum
46
tunica vaginalis
sac made up of peritoneum
47
processes vaginalis
the tract that the testicles travel down which leave the potential to go back up if left in commincation
48
What are the contents of the spermatic cord
ilioinguinal n.; testicular a.; ductus deferens; panpiniform plexus; lymphatics
49
pampiniform plexus
heat transfer venous mechanism in the spermatic cord
50
What is the lympatic drainage from the testes?
preaortic nodes
51
What is the lympatic drainage from the scrotum?
inguinal nodes
52
How does testicular cancer present?
NOT as swollen lymph nodes, have to feel it on testicle iteself. If inguinal lymph nodes are swollen it's common that they have a faliculities on them somewehre close
53
varicocele
varicosities in spermatic cord of pampiniform plexus; when there is no capillary b/w the a. and the plexus, the venouse portion will be high pressure and become varicose; can become sterile; feels like bag of worms
54
Indirect inguinal hernia
usually congenital; intestines more likely in scrotum; herniates abdominal wall lateral to inferior epigastric vessels; travels through inguinal canal; herniates through deep ring and may extend through superficial
55
Direct inguinal hernia
usually aquired; intestines usually not into scrotum; buldge is in hesselbach's triangle; hernaites abdominal wall medial to inferior epigastric vessels; does not enter inguinal canal; hernates only through superficial ring
56
What defines an indirect inguinal hernai as indirect?
LATERAL to inferior epigastric artery
57
mcburney's point
b/w umbilicus and ASIS on the RIGHT side
58
apendicitis
pain starts in periumbilius then becomes localized when peritoneum is irritated (peritonitis) which is very painful b/c somatic. moves to mcburney's point
59
striae
stretch marks; seen when a person grows or gains weight rapidly - stretches collagen
60
linea nigra
forms during 3rd trimester due to increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone from placenta (almost always goes back to linea alba)
61
hydrocele
when the tunica vaginalis becomes distended w/ fluid; can be congenital or trauma;
62
hematocele
an effusion of blood into the tunica vaginalis; won't trasilluminate like hydrocele; needs surgical intervention
63
testicular torsion
medical emergency; most common in newborns - 18yo and during vigoroous activity; testicle rotates on the spermatic cord which blocks blood supply to testis. usually 2 hr window before testis dies
64
umbilical hernia
occurs when part of the intestine protrudes through an opening in the abdominal muscles; common and typically harmless; most common in infants but can be aquired in adults as well

Anatomy Test Block III (5 decks)

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