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Anatomy Test Block III > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What ligament runs from the ASIS to the lateral margin of the pubic bone?

A

inguinal ligament

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2
Q

What divides the abdomen into upper and lower quadrants?

A

umbilicus

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3
Q

What level does the abdominal aorta divide into l and r common iliacs?

A

umbilicus

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4
Q

What is located w/i the RUQ?

A

r. lobe of liver; gallbladder; pylorus of stomach; duodeum; head of pancreas; r. kidney; ascending colon, hepatic flexure, r. 1/2 of transverse colon

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5
Q

What is located w/i the LUQ?

A

left lobe of liver; spleen; stomach; jejunum and proximal ileum; body and tail of pancreas; l. kidney; left 1/2 of transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon

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6
Q

What is located w/i the RLQ?

A

majority of ileum; cecum and apendix; ascending colong; ureter

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7
Q

What is located w/i the LLQ?

A

descending colon; sigmoid colon; l. ureter

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8
Q

Starting from superficial to deep, what are the layers of the abterior abdominal wall?

A

skin; Campers fascia; Scarpa fascia; investing fascias (around muscles); transversalis fascia; extraperitoneal fat; parietal peritoneum

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9
Q

What are the two layers of subutaneous tissue or superficial fascias of the abdomen?

A

Campers: superficial fatty layer
Scarpa: deep membraous layer

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10
Q

The superficial fascia (campers and scarpa) of anterior abdominal wall is continuous with what?

A

penis and scrotum; bruising in abdomen would show up thereb/c all in same plane

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11
Q

The sheaths of what two muscles wrap around the rectus abdominus?

A

external and interal abdominal obliques

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12
Q

rectus abdominis OI

A

arise from ribs and insert on pubic bone area

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13
Q

Vertebral levels of belly button and pubic bone

A

T10: belly button
T12: pubic bone

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14
Q

Innervation of all abdominal muscles?

A

ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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15
Q

What is the landmark that separates the internal oblique from transverse abdominis?

A

neurovascular bundles b/w the two

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16
Q

The aponeurosis of the flat abdominal muscles forms what?

A

rectus sheath (w/ anterior and posterior layers)

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17
Q

The bilateral rectus sheaths fuse in the midline to form what?

A

linea alba

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18
Q

What is the outer border of the rectus sheath?

A

linea semilunaris

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19
Q

What are the contents of the rectus sheath?

A

rectus abdominis muscle; sup. and inf. epigastric vessels; lymphatic vessels; thoracoabdominal nerves

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20
Q

Below the belly button, what is the orientation of the rectus sheath and rectus abdominal muscle?

A

all 3 aponeuroses go infront of rectus muscle

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21
Q

Above the belly button, what is the orienation of the rectus sheath and abdominis muscle?

A

the aponeuroses of external oblique and half of internal oblique go in front and the other half of internal oblique and transverses abdominis go behind

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22
Q

At what point to all the aponeuroses go infront of the rectus muscle?

A

at the arcuate line

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23
Q

What is the only thing located behind the rectus abdominis muscles below the arcuate line?

A

transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat and parietal peritoneum

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24
Q

The internal thoracic artery divides into what?

A

musculophrenic for blood supply to diaphragm and also superior epigastric

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25
Q

Where does superior epigastric a. run?

A

b/w rectus abdominis muscle and posterior rectus sheath

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26
Q

Inferior epigastric is a branch of what?

A

external iliac a. (branch of femoral)

27
Q

Describe the anastamosis b/w the superior and inferior epigastric arteries

A

the inferior epigastric ascends between rectus abdominis and posterior rectus sheath to anastamose w/ superior epigastric

28
Q

caput medusa

A

varicose veins created by insufficient blood flow through the portal system; usually liver failure

29
Q

What creates the median umbilical fold?

A

uracus (embryological remnant)

30
Q

What creates the 2 medial umbilical folds?

A

obliterated umbilical artery

31
Q

What creates the 2 lateral umbilical folds?

A

inferior epigastric vessels

32
Q

How is the inguinal canal formed?

A

the inferior margin of the external abdominal aponeurosis attaches at the ASIS and pubic tubercle and rolls under onto itself to make the canal

33
Q

What ligaments form the superficial inguinal ring?

A

medial and lateral crural ligaments - they help the opening from unzipping

34
Q

What makes the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

fibers of internal oblique and transverse abdominis

35
Q

What makes the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

external oblique aponeurosis

36
Q

What is w/i the inguinal canal for males and females?

A

males: spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve
femalse: ilioinguinal n. and round ligament

37
Q

posteior wall of inguinal canal

A

transversalis

38
Q

floor of inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament

39
Q

What forms the conjoint tendon?

A

transversus abdominis and internal abdominal oblique

40
Q

location of the deep inguinal ring

A

lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (superficial ring is medial to it)

41
Q

What stuctures are located w/i Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

medial umbilical fold and superficial inguinal ring

42
Q

Dartos layer

A

scrotal layer that is a continuation of superficial fascia of the abdominal wall

43
Q

Cremasteric fascia and muscle are a continuatino of?

A

internal abdominal oblique. it raises and lowers testicles

44
Q

What type of reflex is the cremester reflex?

A

cutaneous

45
Q

What anchors the testicles in place?

A

gubernaculum

46
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

sac made up of peritoneum

47
Q

processes vaginalis

A

the tract that the testicles travel down which leave the potential to go back up if left in commincation

48
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord

A

ilioinguinal n.; testicular a.; ductus deferens; panpiniform plexus; lymphatics

49
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

heat transfer venous mechanism in the spermatic cord

50
Q

What is the lympatic drainage from the testes?

A

preaortic nodes

51
Q

What is the lympatic drainage from the scrotum?

A

inguinal nodes

52
Q

How does testicular cancer present?

A

NOT as swollen lymph nodes, have to feel it on testicle iteself. If inguinal lymph nodes are swollen it’s common that they have a faliculities on them somewehre close

53
Q

varicocele

A

varicosities in spermatic cord of pampiniform plexus; when there is no capillary b/w the a. and the plexus, the venouse portion will be high pressure and become varicose; can become sterile; feels like bag of worms

54
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

usually congenital; intestines more likely in scrotum; herniates abdominal wall lateral to inferior epigastric vessels; travels through inguinal canal; herniates through deep ring and may extend through superficial

55
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

usually aquired; intestines usually not into scrotum; buldge is in hesselbach’s triangle; hernaites abdominal wall medial to inferior epigastric vessels; does not enter inguinal canal; hernates only through superficial ring

56
Q

What defines an indirect inguinal hernai as indirect?

A

LATERAL to inferior epigastric artery

57
Q

mcburney’s point

A

b/w umbilicus and ASIS on the RIGHT side

58
Q

apendicitis

A

pain starts in periumbilius then becomes localized when peritoneum is irritated (peritonitis) which is very painful b/c somatic. moves to mcburney’s point

59
Q

striae

A

stretch marks; seen when a person grows or gains weight rapidly - stretches collagen

60
Q

linea nigra

A

forms during 3rd trimester due to increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone from placenta (almost always goes back to linea alba)

61
Q

hydrocele

A

when the tunica vaginalis becomes distended w/ fluid; can be congenital or trauma;

62
Q

hematocele

A

an effusion of blood into the tunica vaginalis; won’t trasilluminate like hydrocele; needs surgical intervention

63
Q

testicular torsion

A

medical emergency; most common in newborns - 18yo and during vigoroous activity; testicle rotates on the spermatic cord which blocks blood supply to testis. usually 2 hr window before testis dies

64
Q

umbilical hernia

A

occurs when part of the intestine protrudes through an opening in the abdominal muscles; common and typically harmless; most common in infants but can be aquired in adults as well

Anatomy Test Block III (5 decks)

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